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Unit 22 · Capital letters: the second group · Meet

Capital letters: the second group

Read the remaining capital letters in whole words.

About this unit

Eight more capitals, many from the consonant families. Some look quite different from their small letters.

  • Բբowl
    throat buzzes
    ԲՈՒ · owl
  • Պպgrandfather
    no puff of air
    ՊԱՊ · grandfather
  • Դդpumpkin
    throat buzzes
    ԴԴՈՒՄ · pumpkin
  • Թթpaw
    puff of air
    ԹԱԹ · paw
  • Գգwine
    throat buzzes
    ԳԻՆԻ · wine
  • Կկcat
    no puff of air
    ԿԱՏՈՒ · cat
  • Ղղsalt
    throat buzzes
    ԱՂ · salt
  • Զզbasket
    throat buzzes
    ԶԱՄԲՅՈՒՂ · basket

When you copy an all-capital word, use the capital keys.

Words to read

book

ԳԻՐՔ

book
paper

ԹՈՒՂԹ

paper
school

ԴՊՐՈՑ

school
Reading tips

Recognise the remaining capital shapes, then read the whole word.

Use the uppercase keys when copying an all-capital word. Uppercase and lowercase must match the printed example.

Reading practice

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԳԻՐՔ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԹՈՒՂԹ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԴՊՐՈՑ

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ԳԻՐՔ

Write in capitals

Read this word. Write it in capitals.

թուղթ

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ԴՊՐՈՑ

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Read the remaining capital letters in whole words.

Next unit
book

ԳԻՐՔ

book
paper

ԹՈՒՂԹ

paper
school

ԴՊՐՈՑ

school
Use a Armenian keyboard

On your phone, add Armenian in Settings → Languages or Keyboards. On a computer, add an Armenian input language in the operating system settings.

Use the on-screen letters whenever you prefer. The ու key inserts its two written characters together; spaces and punctuation have their own keys.

All letters

Ա ա
i

a. Open a, as in father.

մ
i

m. In lowercase մ, the tall stroke is on the right.

ն
i

n. In lowercase ն, the tall stroke is on the left; compare it with մ.

Ի ի
i

i. A clear ee sound.

Ու ու
i

Capital form: Ու. In an ALL-CAPITAL word, write ՈՒ: the second part becomes Ւ. Both forms spell u.

է
i

e. A clear e, as in bed.

ըshort ə, as in “about”
i

ə. A short neutral vowel, like the first sound of about.

Լ լ
i

l

Ս ս
i

s

հ
i

h

յ
i

y. The consonant y of yes, not the vowel in my.

Վ վ
i

v

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

ե
i

At the start of a word, ե usually sounds ye, as in ես. Inside a word it sounds e, as in մեր.

եսմերInside a word: e in մեր · մեր
Ո ո
i

At the start of a word, ո usually sounds vo, as in որ. Inside a word it sounds o, as in տոմս. ով (who) is an exception: it begins with plain o.

որտոմսովInside a word: o in տոմս · տոմս
և
i

և is a joined letter (a ligature), spelling the sequence e + v, not one consonant. It sounds yev at word start and ev inside a word, as in արև. Its capital spelling Եվ uses two letters; all capitals use ԵՎ.

ևարևInside a word: ev in բարև · բարև
բthroat buzzes
i

b. Voiced b.

պno puff of air
i

p. Plain p, with little breath.

Փ փpuff of air
i

pʰ. p with a puff of air.

դthroat buzzes
i

d. Voiced d.

Տ տno puff of air
i

t. Plain t, with little breath.

թpuff of air
i

tʰ. t with a puff of air; never English th.

գthroat buzzes
i

g. Voiced g, always hard.

կno puff of air
i

k. Plain k, little breath.

Ք քpuff of air
i

kʰ. k with a puff.

Խ խair rubs, no buzz
i

kh / x. Friction like ch in Scottish loch.

ղthroat buzzes
i

gh / ʁ. Voiced back-of-mouth friction; not g + h.

զthroat buzzes
i

z

ժthroat buzzes
i

zh / ʒ. The middle sound in measure.

շair rubs, no buzz
i

sh / ʃ. As in ship.

ռrolled
i

rolled r. A stronger rolled r; compare the short tap ր.

ձthroat buzzes
i

dz. Voiced d + z released as one joined sound.

Ծ ծno puff of air
i

ts. Plain ts, little breath.

Ց ցpuff of air
i

tsʰ. ts with a puff.

ջthroat buzzes
i

j / dʒ. Voiced, as in jam.

ճno puff of air
i

ch / tʃ. Plain ch, little breath.

չpuff of air
i

chʰ / tʃʰ. ch with a puff.