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Unit 23 · Capital letters: the final group · Meet

Capital letters: the final group

Complete the capital pairs before reading names and signs.

About this unit

The last capitals complete your toolkit. Read a word you know, then find it again in capitals.

  • Ժժclock / hour
    throat buzzes
    ԺԱՄ · clock / hour
  • Շշdog
    air rubs, no buzz
    ՇՈՒՆ · dog
  • Ռռradio
    rolled
    ՌԱԴԻՈ · radio
  • Ձձegg
    throat buzzes
    ՁՈՒ · egg
  • Ջջwater
    throat buzzes
    ՋՈՒՐ · water
  • Ճճroad
    no puff of air
    ՃԱՆԱՊԱՐՀ · road
  • Չչfour
    puff of air
    ՉՈՐՍ · four

Words to read

water

ՋՈՒՐ

water
sea

ԾՈՎ

sea
egg

ՁՈՒ

egg
Reading tips

The remaining capitals complete your toolkit. Read a known lowercase word first, then recognise the same spelling with capitals.

Reading practice

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ՋՈՒՐ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԾՈՎ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ՁՈՒ

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ՋՈՒՐ

Write in capitals

Read this word. Write it in capitals.

ծով

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ՁՈՒ

Finish practice to save this unit.

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Complete the capital pairs before reading names and signs.

Next unit
water

ՋՈՒՐ

water
sea

ԾՈՎ

sea
egg

ՁՈՒ

egg
Use a Armenian keyboard

On your phone, add Armenian in Settings → Languages or Keyboards. On a computer, add an Armenian input language in the operating system settings.

Use the on-screen letters whenever you prefer. The ու key inserts its two written characters together; spaces and punctuation have their own keys.

All letters

Ա ա
i

a. Open a, as in father.

մ
i

m. In lowercase մ, the tall stroke is on the right.

ն
i

n. In lowercase ն, the tall stroke is on the left; compare it with մ.

Ի ի
i

i. A clear ee sound.

Ու ու
i

Capital form: Ու. In an ALL-CAPITAL word, write ՈՒ: the second part becomes Ւ. Both forms spell u.

է
i

e. A clear e, as in bed.

ըshort ə, as in “about”
i

ə. A short neutral vowel, like the first sound of about.

Լ լ
i

l

Ս ս
i

s

հ
i

h

յ
i

y. The consonant y of yes, not the vowel in my.

Վ վ
i

v

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

ե
i

At the start of a word, ե usually sounds ye, as in ես. Inside a word it sounds e, as in մեր.

եսմերInside a word: e in մեր · մեր
Ո ո
i

At the start of a word, ո usually sounds vo, as in որ. Inside a word it sounds o, as in տոմս. ով (who) is an exception: it begins with plain o.

որտոմսովInside a word: o in տոմս · տոմս
և
i

և is a joined letter (a ligature), spelling the sequence e + v, not one consonant. It sounds yev at word start and ev inside a word, as in արև. Its capital spelling Եվ uses two letters; all capitals use ԵՎ.

ևարևInside a word: ev in բարև · բարև
բthroat buzzes
i

b. Voiced b.

պno puff of air
i

p. Plain p, with little breath.

Փ փpuff of air
i

pʰ. p with a puff of air.

դthroat buzzes
i

d. Voiced d.

Տ տno puff of air
i

t. Plain t, with little breath.

թpuff of air
i

tʰ. t with a puff of air; never English th.

գthroat buzzes
i

g. Voiced g, always hard.

կno puff of air
i

k. Plain k, little breath.

Ք քpuff of air
i

kʰ. k with a puff.

Խ խair rubs, no buzz
i

kh / x. Friction like ch in Scottish loch.

ղthroat buzzes
i

gh / ʁ. Voiced back-of-mouth friction; not g + h.

զthroat buzzes
i

z

ժthroat buzzes
i

zh / ʒ. The middle sound in measure.

շair rubs, no buzz
i

sh / ʃ. As in ship.

ռrolled
i

rolled r. A stronger rolled r; compare the short tap ր.

ձthroat buzzes
i

dz. Voiced d + z released as one joined sound.

Ծ ծno puff of air
i

ts. Plain ts, little breath.

Ց ցpuff of air
i

tsʰ. ts with a puff.

ջthroat buzzes
i

j / dʒ. Voiced, as in jam.

ճno puff of air
i

ch / tʃ. Plain ch, little breath.

չpuff of air
i

chʰ / tʃʰ. ch with a puff.