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Unit 21 · Capital letters: the first group · Meet

Capital letters: the first group

Recognise capital shapes and write familiar words in capitals.

About this unit

Capital letters keep the sound of their small letters. You meet them in names, headings and signs.

  • Մմmama
    m, as in “mother”
    ՄԱՄԱ · mama
  • Ննdish
    n, as in “no”
    ԱՄԱՆ · dish
  • Էէ
    e, as in “bed”
    Է · is
  • Ըըnine
    short ə, as in “about”
    ԻՆԸ · nine
  • Հհhen
    h, as in “hat”
    ՀԱՎ · hen
  • Յյcart
    y, as in “yes”
    ՍԱՅԼ · cart
  • Եեgroom
    e; ye at the start
    ՓԵՍԱ · groom
  • Եվևsun
    ev; yev at the start
    ԱՐԵՎ · sun
  • A name starts with a capital: Անի.
  • Signs and headings may use capitals throughout: ԱՆԻ.
  • In all capitals, ու becomes ՈՒ and և becomes ԵՎ.

First match each capital to its small letter, then read and write familiar words in capitals.

Words to read

ԱՆԻ

Ani

ՆԻՆԱ

Nina
moon

ԼՈՒՍԻՆ

moon
sun

ԱՐԵՎ

sun
Reading tips

The sound stays the same when a letter becomes a capital. Focus on recognising the printed shape.

Names begin with a capital. Headings and signs can use capitals throughout a word.

The all-capital form of ու is ՈՒ. The all-capital form of և is ԵՎ.

Reading practice

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Recognise capitals

Match each capital to its lowercase letter.

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԱՆԻ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ՆԻՆԱ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԼՈՒՍԻՆ

Read and listen

Read the word. Choose its pronunciation.

ԱՐԵՎ

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Listen and find

Listen, then select the matching item.

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ԱՆԻ

Write in capitals

Read this word. Write it in capitals.

նինա

Write in lowercase

Read this word. Write it in lowercase.

ԼՈՒՍԻՆ

Write in capitals

Read this word. Write it in capitals.

արև

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Recognise capital shapes and write familiar words in capitals.

Next unit

ԱՆԻ

Ani

ՆԻՆԱ

Nina
moon

ԼՈՒՍԻՆ

moon
sun

ԱՐԵՎ

sun
Use a Armenian keyboard

On your phone, add Armenian in Settings → Languages or Keyboards. On a computer, add an Armenian input language in the operating system settings.

Use the on-screen letters whenever you prefer. The ու key inserts its two written characters together; spaces and punctuation have their own keys.

All letters

Ա ա
i

a. Open a, as in father.

մ
i

m. In lowercase մ, the tall stroke is on the right.

ն
i

n. In lowercase ն, the tall stroke is on the left; compare it with մ.

Ի ի
i

i. A clear ee sound.

Ու ու
i

Capital form: Ու. In an ALL-CAPITAL word, write ՈՒ: the second part becomes Ւ. Both forms spell u.

է
i

e. A clear e, as in bed.

ըshort ə, as in “about”
i

ə. A short neutral vowel, like the first sound of about.

Լ լ
i

l

Ս ս
i

s

հ
i

h

յ
i

y. The consonant y of yes, not the vowel in my.

Վ վ
i

v

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

ե
i

At the start of a word, ե usually sounds ye, as in ես. Inside a word it sounds e, as in մեր.

եսմերInside a word: e in մեր · մեր
Ո ո
i

At the start of a word, ո usually sounds vo, as in որ. Inside a word it sounds o, as in տոմս. ով (who) is an exception: it begins with plain o.

որտոմսովInside a word: o in տոմս · տոմս
և
i

և is a joined letter (a ligature), spelling the sequence e + v, not one consonant. It sounds yev at word start and ev inside a word, as in արև. Its capital spelling Եվ uses two letters; all capitals use ԵՎ.

ևարևInside a word: ev in բարև · բարև
բthroat buzzes
i

b. Voiced b.

պno puff of air
i

p. Plain p, with little breath.

Փ փpuff of air
i

pʰ. p with a puff of air.

դthroat buzzes
i

d. Voiced d.

Տ տno puff of air
i

t. Plain t, with little breath.

թpuff of air
i

tʰ. t with a puff of air; never English th.

գthroat buzzes
i

g. Voiced g, always hard.

կno puff of air
i

k. Plain k, little breath.

Ք քpuff of air
i

kʰ. k with a puff.

Խ խair rubs, no buzz
i

kh / x. Friction like ch in Scottish loch.

ղthroat buzzes
i

gh / ʁ. Voiced back-of-mouth friction; not g + h.

զthroat buzzes
i

z

ժthroat buzzes
i

zh / ʒ. The middle sound in measure.

շair rubs, no buzz
i

sh / ʃ. As in ship.

ռrolled
i

rolled r. A stronger rolled r; compare the short tap ր.

ձthroat buzzes
i

dz. Voiced d + z released as one joined sound.

Ծ ծno puff of air
i

ts. Plain ts, little breath.

Ց ցpuff of air
i

tsʰ. ts with a puff.

ջthroat buzzes
i

j / dʒ. Voiced, as in jam.

ճno puff of air
i

ch / tʃ. Plain ch, little breath.

չpuff of air
i

chʰ / tʃʰ. ch with a puff.