Unit 9 · ր, օ and ֆ · Read

ր, օ and ֆ

Hear the contrast, find each printed shape, then read and retrieve the words.

Meet the letters

Tap a card and listen. Try saying it too.

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

Words to read

mountain

սար

mountain
day

օր

day
film

ֆիլմ

film
Reading tips

ր · r · A short tap of the tongue; not English r.

օ · o · A plain o vowel, including at the start.

ֆ · f · Often in borrowed words.

Do not borrow the sound of a lookalike Latin letter: Armenian հ is h, not a Latin h-shaped spelling shortcut.

The letter յ is a consonant. In սայլ, join s + a + y + l: sayl.

Reading practice

Letters in words

Match each letter to the highlighted letter.

A familiar capital outline

Match the related capital and lowercase shapes.

Find the sound

Match the sounds to the letters.

Find each word

Match the words to the pictures.

Find each word

Match the pictures to the words.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read. Choose the sound.

ֆիլմ

Write a word

Listen and write the word.

mountain

Write a word

Listen and write the word.

day

Listen and write

Listen and write the word.

A short return

Read an earlier word. Choose its meaning.

սայլ

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Hear the contrast, find each printed shape, then read and retrieve the words.

Next unit
mountain

սար

mountain
day

օր

day
film

ֆիլմ

film
Use a Armenian keyboard

On your phone, add Armenian in Settings → Languages or Keyboards. On a computer, add an Armenian input language in the operating system settings.

Use the on-screen letters whenever you prefer. The ու key inserts its two written characters together; spaces and punctuation have their own keys.

All letters

Ա ա
i

a. Open a, as in father.

մ
i

m. Keep the two arches in view.

ն
i

n. One arch: compare it with մ.

Ի ի
i

i. A clear ee sound.

Ու ու
i

Capital form: Ու. In an ALL-CAPITAL word, write ՈՒ: the second part becomes Ւ. Both forms spell u.

է
i

e. A clear e, as in bed.

ը
i

ə. A short neutral vowel, like the first sound of about.

Լ լ
i

l

Ս ս
i

s

հ
i

h

յ
i

y. The consonant y of yes, not the vowel in my.

Վ վ
i

v

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

ե
i

At the start of a word, ե usually sounds ye, as in ես. Inside a word it sounds e, as in մեր.

եսմերInside a word: e in մեր · մեր
Ո ո
i

At the start of a word, ո usually sounds vo, as in որ. Inside a word it sounds o, as in տոմս. ով (who) is an exception: it begins with plain o.

որտոմսովInside a word: o in տոմս · տոմս
և
i

և is a joined letter (a ligature), spelling the sequence e + v, not one consonant. It sounds yev at word start and ev inside a word, as in արև. Its capital spelling Եվ uses two letters; all capitals use ԵՎ.

ևարևInside a word: ev in բարև · բարև
բthroat buzzes
i

b. Voiced b.

պno puff of air
i

p. Plain p, with little breath.

Փ փpuff of air
i

pʰ. p with a puff of air.

դthroat buzzes
i

d. Voiced d.

Տ տno puff of air
i

t. Plain t, with little breath.

թpuff of air
i

tʰ. t with a puff of air; never English th.

գthroat buzzes
i

g. Voiced g, always hard.

կno puff of air
i

k. Plain k, little breath.

Ք քpuff of air
i

kʰ. k with a puff.

Խ խair rubs, no buzz
i

kh / x. Friction like ch in Scottish loch.

ղthroat buzzes
i

gh / ʁ. Voiced back-of-mouth friction; not g + h.

զthroat buzzes
i

z

ժthroat buzzes
i

zh / ʒ. The middle sound in measure.

շair rubs, no buzz
i

sh / ʃ. As in ship.

ռrolled
i

rolled r. A stronger rolled r; compare the short tap ր.

ձthroat buzzes
i

dz. Voiced d + z released as one joined sound.

Ծ ծno puff of air
i

ts. Plain ts, little breath.

Ց ցpuff of air
i

tsʰ. ts with a puff.

ջthroat buzzes
i

j / dʒ. Voiced, as in jam.

ճno puff of air
i

ch / tʃ. Plain ch, little breath.

չpuff of air
i

chʰ / tʃʰ. ch with a puff.