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Unit 13 · դ, տ and թ · Meet

դ, տ and թ

Hear the contrast, find each printed shape, then read and retrieve the words.

About this unit

The same three-way pattern returns for t: buzzing, plain and airy.

  • դpumpkin
    throat buzzes
    դդում · pumpkin
  • Տտhouse
    no puff of air
    տուն · house
  • թpaw
    puff of air
    թաթ · paw

The airy թ is never the th of English “thin”.

More words to read

tea

թեյ

tea

դու

you, singular
Reading tips

Armenian distinguishes three stop sounds: voiced, plain without a strong puff, and aspirated with a puff. A superscript ʰ means breath, not an extra h syllable.

VoicedPlainAiry
բ bպ pփ pʰ
դ dտ tթ tʰ

Try the plain p after the s in English spin, then the airy p in pin. That comparison helps you feel the puff; it does not replace Armenian listening.

Reading practice

The t-family

Listen to the three models first. Then: which one is the mystery sound?

Listen first

buzzing d
plain t
airy tʰ
Mystery sound

The t-family

Listen to the three models first. Then: which one is the mystery sound?

Listen first

buzzing d
plain t
airy tʰ
Mystery sound

The t-family

Listen to the three models first. Then: which one is the mystery sound?

Listen first

buzzing d
plain t
airy tʰ
Mystery sound

Letters in words

Match each letter to the highlighted letter.

Find the sound

Match the sounds to the letters.

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

տուն

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

թեյ

Hear the trained contrast

Listen to the practice syllable. Choose its spelling.

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

pumpkin

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

house

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

paw

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Hear the contrast, find each printed shape, then read and retrieve the words.

Next unit
pumpkin

դդում

pumpkin
house

տուն

house
paw

թաթ

paw
tea

թեյ

tea

դու

you, singular
Use a Armenian keyboard

On your phone, add Armenian in Settings → Languages or Keyboards. On a computer, add an Armenian input language in the operating system settings.

Use the on-screen letters whenever you prefer. The ու key inserts its two written characters together; spaces and punctuation have their own keys.

All letters

Ա ա
i

a. Open a, as in father.

մ
i

m. In lowercase մ, the tall stroke is on the right.

ն
i

n. In lowercase ն, the tall stroke is on the left; compare it with մ.

Ի ի
i

i. A clear ee sound.

Ու ու
i

Capital form: Ու. In an ALL-CAPITAL word, write ՈՒ: the second part becomes Ւ. Both forms spell u.

է
i

e. A clear e, as in bed.

ըshort ə, as in “about”
i

ə. A short neutral vowel, like the first sound of about.

Լ լ
i

l

Ս ս
i

s

հ
i

h

յ
i

y. The consonant y of yes, not the vowel in my.

Վ վ
i

v

Ր րone quick tap
i

ր is a brief tongue tap. The isolated recording includes a short helping vowel; that vowel is separate from the consonant. Compare the stronger rolled ռ, and listen to ր inside the words below.

արևսար
Օ օ
i

o. A plain o vowel, including at the start.

Ֆ ֆ
i

f. Often in borrowed words.

ե
i

At the start of a word, ե usually sounds ye, as in ես. Inside a word it sounds e, as in մեր.

եսմերInside a word: e in մեր · մեր
Ո ո
i

At the start of a word, ո usually sounds vo, as in որ. Inside a word it sounds o, as in տոմս. ով (who) is an exception: it begins with plain o.

որտոմսովInside a word: o in տոմս · տոմս
և
i

և is a joined letter (a ligature), spelling the sequence e + v, not one consonant. It sounds yev at word start and ev inside a word, as in արև. Its capital spelling Եվ uses two letters; all capitals use ԵՎ.

ևարևInside a word: ev in բարև · բարև
բthroat buzzes
i

b. Voiced b.

պno puff of air
i

p. Plain p, with little breath.

Փ փpuff of air
i

pʰ. p with a puff of air.

դthroat buzzes
i

d. Voiced d.

Տ տno puff of air
i

t. Plain t, with little breath.

թpuff of air
i

tʰ. t with a puff of air; never English th.

գthroat buzzes
i

g. Voiced g, always hard.

կno puff of air
i

k. Plain k, little breath.

Ք քpuff of air
i

kʰ. k with a puff.

Խ խair rubs, no buzz
i

kh / x. Friction like ch in Scottish loch.

ղthroat buzzes
i

gh / ʁ. Voiced back-of-mouth friction; not g + h.

զthroat buzzes
i

z

ժthroat buzzes
i

zh / ʒ. The middle sound in measure.

շair rubs, no buzz
i

sh / ʃ. As in ship.

ռrolled
i

rolled r. A stronger rolled r; compare the short tap ր.

ձthroat buzzes
i

dz. Voiced d + z released as one joined sound.

Ծ ծno puff of air
i

ts. Plain ts, little breath.

Ց ցpuff of air
i

tsʰ. ts with a puff.

ջthroat buzzes
i

j / dʒ. Voiced, as in jam.

ճno puff of air
i

ch / tʃ. Plain ch, little breath.

չpuff of air
i

chʰ / tʃʰ. ch with a puff.