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Unit 8 · у, х and е · Meet

у, х and е

Read u, kh and e without borrowing Russian letter values.

About this unit

Two more Latin lookalikes, and the vowel е. Bulgarian е is always a plain e.

  • Ууear
    oo, as in “moon”
    ухо́ · ear
    i

    У is u, not Latin y.

  • Хх
    kh, as in Scottish “loch”
    хор · choir
    i

    Х is a friction sound, as in German Bach.

  • Ее
    e, as in “bed”
    не · no / not
    i

    Bulgarian е is e, without a general word-initial ye rule.

уoo, as in “moon”
хkh, as in Scottish “loch”

У is u, not y. Х is kh, not x.

Е never adds a y sound: не is ne.

More words to read

sea

море́

seamoré
Reading tips

Bulgarian is its own sound system. Е is e; do not add the Russian initial y rule. Х is one sound, not k + h.

Reading practice

Find the strong syllable

Listen and choose the stressed syllable, counting from the beginning.

Clip 1

Find the strong syllable

Listen and choose the stressed syllable, counting from the beginning.

Clip 1

Letters in words

Match each sign to the same sign in its example.

Find the sound

Match the sounds to the signs. Tap a sign to check.

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

не

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

море́

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

ear

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

sea

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Read u, kh and e without borrowing Russian letter values.

Next unit
ear

ухо́

ear

хор

choir

не

no / not
sea

море́

sea
Use a Bulgarian keyboard

Bulgarian has a standard BDS layout and widely used phonetic layouts. Either is optional: the guided course has on-screen tiles. Keep ъ and ь separate. Teaching acute accents may be omitted in input; the grave in ѝ belongs to the word and is not a removable stress hint.

All letters

А а
i

a

К кIn ка
i

ka

М мIn ма
i

ma

О о
i

o

Т тIn та
i

ta

В вIn ва
i

va. В is v, not Latin B.

Н нIn на
i

na. Н is n, not Latin H.

Р рIn ра
i

ra. Р is r, not Latin P.

С сIn са
i

sa. С is s, not a Latin c reading.

У у
i

u. У is u, not Latin y.

Х хIn ха
i

kha. Х is a friction sound, as in German Bach.

Е е
i

e. Bulgarian е is e, without a general word-initial ye rule.

Б бIn ба
i

ba

Г гIn га
i

ga

Д дIn да
i

da

Л лIn ла
i

la

П пIn па
i

pa

З зIn за
i

za

Ж жIn жа
i

zha

Ш шIn ша
i

sha

И и
i

i

Й й
i

y. Й is a consonant, not an extra vowel syllable.

Ф фIn фа
i

fa

Ю юyu; softens the consonant
i

yu. Initially ю is yu; after a consonant it indicates softness plus u.

Я яya; softens the consonant
i

ya. Initially я is ya; after a consonant it indicates softness plus a.

Ъ ъrelaxed vowel, like u in “but”
i

ǎ / ɤ. A real vowel, often stressed. Never treat it as a Russian hard sign.

Ч чIn ча
i

cha

Ц цIn ца
i

tsa

Щ щIn ща
i

shta. Щ is sh + t in Bulgarian, not the Russian щ sound.

Ь ьno sound; softens before оIn ер малък
i

soft sign (name). Ь has no sound of its own and occurs before о in this pattern.