Module 7Grammar reviewPremium
Croatian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Pada kiša, moram, ne treba
Weather often uses an impersonal neuter phrase: , , . Rain and snow can be subjects: , . These are not learner-sex adjective forms.
expresses must: . Add an infinitive: . means not required, not prohibited.
says I need, I do not need. For feeling cold, use the dative phrase , rather than calling yourself a cold person. similarly describes how you feel.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is hot today. | ||
| It is hot today. | ||
| It is raining. | ||
| It is raining. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
| You must take an umbrella. (polite) | ||
| You must take an umbrella. (polite) | ||
Hladnije, topliji, od
A comparative compares two things. Adjectives have real comparative forms: , , , , . The ending then agrees with the noun: , .
Use plus the genitive with a noun: . can compare phrases: . The impersonal weather comparison uses neuter , not the learner’s sex.
are the full seasons. Time adverbs are ; phrases . Use with temperature numbers. Snow and temperatures below zero stay in the European setting.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is colder here than in Hamburg. | ||
| It is colder here than in Hamburg. | ||
| The sea is colder than the lake. | ||
| The sea is colder than the lake. | ||
| This bag is bigger. | ||
| This bag is bigger. | ||
| This table is smaller. | ||
| This table is smaller. | ||
Premala, najveća, karticom
expresses too: , . A superlative is normally plus the comparative: , , . The word still agrees with the described noun.
Clothes descriptions use the clothes’ grammatical gender, not the wearer’s: , . Some clothes words are plural, , . Ask .
asks to try it on. Payment is instrumental. Croatian hundreds include ; the jacket costs .
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| The jacket is too small. | ||
| The jacket is too small. | ||
| The hat is too big. | ||
| The hat is too big. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| This is the biggest hat. | ||
| This is the biggest hat. | ||
Znam kuhati, smijem, moram
plus the infinitive expresses a learned skill: , . plus the infinitive says something is possible or feasible. explicitly gives permission.
gives obligation, absence of obligation. forbids; it is not the same as not being able. Learn each modal with the infinitive unchanged.
Festival roles can use present statements: , . The helper’s identity can change with real learner sex: . Keep polite requests separate from skills questions.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I do not know how to sing. | ||
| I do not know how to sing. | ||
| I am allowed to play in the daytime. | ||
| I am allowed to play in the daytime. | ||
| I must sleep. | ||
| I must sleep. | ||
Jer, ako, zadržite
or gives a reason. gives a condition: . Use straightforward present clauses; no hypothetical conditional paradigm is needed.
The raincoat is feminine: , . Her old raincoat is forty years old. The learner’s own description is , because that adjective refers to the learner.
Requests use actual imperatives: , . has genitive after , while location is locative. means need not, tells someone not to act.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am wet because it rains. | ||
| I am wet because it rains. | ||
| If it rains, I take the raincoat. | ||
| If it rains, I take the raincoat. | ||
| Please put on the raincoat. (polite) | ||
| Please put on the raincoat. (polite) | ||
| Keep the key. (polite) | ||
| Keep the key. (polite) | ||
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
.
I am wet.
As Lena
.
I am wet.
As Lukas
.
I am tired.
As Lena
.
I am tired.
.
It is hot today.
.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
As Lukas
Ja sam .
I am wet.
As Lena
Ja sam .
I am wet.
As Lukas
Ja sam .
I am tired.
As Lena
Ja sam .
I am tired.
Danas je .
It is hot today.
Ovdje je nego u Hamburgu.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
Jakna je .
The jacket is too small.
kuhati.
I know how to cook.
As Lukas
Mokar sam pada kiša.
I am wet because it rains.
As Lena
Mokra sam pada kiša.
I am wet because it rains.
kiša.
It is raining.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Danas je .
It is hot today.
Ovdje je nego u Hamburgu.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
Jakna je .
The jacket is too small.
kuhati.
I know how to cook.
As Lukas
Mokar sam pada kiša.
I am wet because it rains.
As Lena
Mokra sam pada kiša.
I am wet because it rains.
kiša.
It is raining.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
As Lukas
I am wet.
As Lena
I am wet.
As Lukas
I am tired.
As Lena
I am tired.
It is hot today.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
The jacket is too small.
As Lukas
I am wet because it rains.
As Lena
I am wet because it rains.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am wet.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am wet.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am tired.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am tired.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
It is hot today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
It is hot today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
You say:
Use the meaning and Croatian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
