Czech in everyday situations · Grammar review

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Czech in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Mám a čísla

The full present of is . Negation adds : .

Numbers zero to ten are . Say phone numbers digit by digit. For one use ; two is but .

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CzechMeaning
I have a key.
You have a phone. (familiar)
We do not have a key.
I have two lamps.

Chci čaj

Conditional: The courtesy expression is learnt as a useful chunk.

Infinitive: The dictionary verb form, often ending in -t: , .

The full present of is . Add an infinitive for an action: . For a drink or food, use an accusative object: .

The courtesy chunks for a man and for a woman mean I would like. Learn them whole now; you do not need the full conditional system. Numbers eleven to twenty: .

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CzechMeaning
I want tea.
Do you want breakfast? (polite)
I want coffee.
I would like tea, please.

Kolik stojí?

Tens are ; one hundred is . Combine them simply: .

Czech money is . Say . Larger prices need and . These useful forms are introduced here because Czech prices are often whole crowns. Ask

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CzechMeaning
Coffee costs forty-five crowns.
That costs two crowns.
That costs one crown.
How much does tea cost?

Dvě jablka, pět jablek

After two, three and four, use common counting plurals: . After five and higher, nouns take genitive plural: . Masculine people have additional forms, which you can learn as needed.

Quantities also use genitive: . , and are useful examples; genitive plurals have several patterns, so learn each noun’s quantity form rather than one universal ending.

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CzechMeaning
I have two apples.
I want six eggs.
Mourek eats a lot of fish.
I want a litre of milk.

S mlékem, bez cukru

Instrumental: A form for means and after for accompaniment.

The preposition means with and takes instrumental: . Use when it makes pronunciation easier. Common singular patterns include masculine/neuter -em and feminine -ou: .

The preposition takes genitive: . A genitive form can be -u/-a for masculine, -a for neuter and -y/-e for feminine. Learn noun examples together with the preposition.

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CzechMeaning
The tea is with milk.
I want tea without sugar.
The bread is with cheese.
I am going with Petra.
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