Module 8Grammar reviewPremium
Dutch in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Mijn hoofd doet pijn
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| My head hurts. | ||
| My head hurts. | ||
| My head and throat hurt. | ||
| My head and throat hurt. | ||
| I feel cold. | ||
| I feel cold. | ||
| I feel bad. | ||
| I feel bad. | ||
| You feel bad, politely. | ||
| You feel bad, politely. | ||
| We feel better. | ||
| We feel better. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have been ill for three days now. | ||
| I have been ill for three days now. | ||
Say or . Several body parts use a plural verb: . means I feel hot/cold; describes body temperature instead.
Use with the starting point of a continuing state: , . Dutch uses the present for a state still continuing: . gives its duration. , , , , , are reflexive forms.
Tien juli negentienhonderdvijfennegentig
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I was born on 10 July. | ||
| I was born on 10 July. | ||
| 1995 | My birth year is 1995. | |
| My birth year is 1995. | ||
| The appointment is at four. | ||
| The appointment is at four. | ||
| The appointment is in two weeks. | ||
| The appointment is in two weeks. | ||
| Can it be earlier? | ||
| Can it be earlier? | ||
| I want to make an appointment. | ||
| I want to make an appointment. | ||
| The appointment is on the twenty-eighth. | ||
| The appointment is on the twenty-eighth. | ||
| Spell your surname, please. | ||
| Spell your surname, please. | ||
Give a birth date as day, month and year: . is a complete expression introduced earlier; the participle does not change with the speaker's sex. Use for a date, for a clock time.
For future distance say . means earlier. Ordinals can stand alone for a known date: . For a new time ask ; for a request, . Put the infinitive at the end.
Doe uw mond open
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Drink a lot of water. | ||
| Drink a lot of water. | ||
| Eat fruit, please. | ||
| Eat fruit, please. | ||
| Sleep eight hours. | ||
| Sleep eight hours. | ||
| Breathe in deeply. | ||
| Breathe in deeply. | ||
| Open your mouth, politely. | ||
| Open your mouth, politely. | ||
| My throat has hurt since Saturday. | ||
| My throat has hurt since Saturday. | ||
| Stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
| Stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
| If you are tired, sleep. | ||
| If you are tired, sleep. | ||
Use the imperative stem for advice: , , , . The polite possessive is : . The particle of a separable verb stays at the end: , .
For a continuing problem say . For a length of time use , or if needed. A short condition uses verb-final : . means until Saturday; it does not itself include a statement about every later day.
Ik heb gekocht, ik ben gekomen
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have worked. | ||
| I have worked. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
The perfect tense uses or plus a past participle at the end. , . Regular participles use plus stem plus -t after the sounds in the consonants t, k, f, s, ch and p; otherwise -d. Examples: werken → gewerkt, spelen → gespeeld. Past participles never change with the learner's sex.
Most actions use . Movement to a destination and changes use : , . Learn irregular participles with their verb: kopen → gekocht, geven → gegeven. Separable verbs put between particle and stem: opstaan → opgestaan. Questions put the auxiliary first:
Twee per keer
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I take two tablets at a time. | ||
| I take two tablets at a time. | ||
| I take them three times a day. | ||
| I take them three times a day. | ||
| I take them after meals. | ||
| I take them after meals. | ||
| Joost has given me earplugs. | ||
| Joost has given me earplugs. | ||
| He has given them. | ||
| He has given them. | ||
| Now I sleep better. | ||
| Now I sleep better. | ||
| The prescription is more important than the list. | ||
| The prescription is more important than the list. | ||
| Emma is the best doctor. | ||
| Emma is the best doctor. | ||
means two tablets each time; means three times a day. means after meals; before meals. After a number, stays singular in this frequency pattern.
Recycle the perfect: . Put a short object before the participle: . Use a present verb for how things are now: . Comparative and superlative also describe the child's playful advice.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
My head hurts.
.
I was born on 10 July.
.
Drink a lot of water.
.
I have worked.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Mijn hoofd pijn.
My head hurts.
Ik ben geboren tien juli.
I was born on 10 July.
veel water.
Drink a lot of water.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Ik neem twee tabletten per .
I take two tablets at a time.
Ik voel slecht.
I feel bad.
De afspraak is twee weken.
The appointment is in two weeks.
diep in.
Breathe in deeply.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
veel water.
Drink a lot of water.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Ik neem twee tabletten per .
I take two tablets at a time.
Ik voel slecht.
I feel bad.
De afspraak is twee weken.
The appointment is in two weeks.
diep in.
Breathe in deeply.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
My head hurts.
I was born on 10 July.
Drink a lot of water.
I have worked.
I take two tablets at a time.
I feel bad.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
My head hurts.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
My head hurts.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was born on 10 July.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was born on 10 July.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Drink a lot of water.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Drink a lot of water.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
