Dutch in everyday situations · Grammar review

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Dutch in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Zijn en voornaamwoorden

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FORMEXAMPLEMEANING
I am Lukas.
You are the new neighbour.
You are Emma.
He is not mine.
She is my grandmother.
It is my key.
We are friends.
You are here.
They are at home.

Use to say who someone is. In Dutch, subject pronouns are very important: . Here, the landlady and other adult strangers use formal to the learner, and the learner uses back. With a child or a friendly neighbour, use or .

The full present forms are , , , , , , . In plural, use , , . The learner does not change adjectives or participles for sex in Dutch.

Use for introducing people and things: Use for Max because Max is a male cat. For Emma, use . For things like , use .

For neighbour words, Dutch really has a sex difference: for a male neighbour and for a female neighbour. Use the real one only when it matters.

Hebben, er is, vragen en niet

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FORMEXAMPLEMEANING
I am hungry / I have hunger.
You have my key.
You have my key.
He is hungry.
She has my key.
There is a café here.
Are you the new neighbour?
not

Use to say what someone has: , , , , , . At this stage, learn the singular forms well. Later you will also use the plural forms.

Use to say that something exists or is present: This is a fixed chunk and very common in spoken Dutch.

Yes/no questions often start with the verb. This is called verb-first order: and With , the verb comes first too:

Use to make a sentence negative: Put after the verb or later in the sentence, depending on what you negate. At A1, first learn easy whole-sentence negatives.

De, het, een en ik wil graag

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FORMEXAMPLEMEANING
the key
the café
a house
I would like coffee.
my key
your coffee (formal)
your key (informal)

Dutch nouns often use an article. Common forms are , , and . Learn each noun together with its article: , , , but , .

Use for 'a' or 'an': , . In Dutch, noun article is not about the learner's sex. Do not invent adjective differences for male or female learners.

A very useful polite chunk is It means 'I would like ...' and is natural in coffee shops and shops. For example:

You can also use possession with these nouns: , , . Keep the noun simple and short at A1.

Tegenwoordige tijd en sorry

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FORMEXAMPLEMEANING
to live
to play
to sleep
to know
I live here.
you live
you play
Do you play now?

Many Dutch verbs have short, regular present-tense forms at A1. The infinitive often ends in -en: , , , . With , you usually use the stem: , . With , , , and , you often add -t: , , .

A useful rule: in yes/no questions with after the verb, the -t disappears: not You can see the same pattern in

Use the infinitive after another verb: and The second verb stays in the infinitive form.

For a polite apology, use . It is simple and common: You can also say

Waar, mijn, jouw, uw en meervoud

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
FORMEXAMPLEMEANING
where
my
your (informal)
your (formal)
we are here
you are friends
they are at home
we are hungry
you have coffee
they have a key

Use to ask about place: or These are key A1 questions for daily life.

Use , , and to show possession. is 'my', is informal 'your', and is formal 'your'. In this module, the learner says to the landlady and staff, but to Emma and Joost.

You also need plural forms of and : , , and , , . These forms help you speak about people together.

Word order stays simple in main clauses: verb in second position, as in In questions with , the verb usually comes right after:

Learn (How was the night?) as a whole greeting question here. refers to an earlier time; the full pattern is taught in module 4. Learn (Can you play tomorrow?) as a request; the infinitive stays at the end.

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