Dutch in everyday situations · Grammar review

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Dutch in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Ik woon, jij woont

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FormExampleMeaning
I live in Hamburg.
You live here.
You live at number seven.
He speaks Dutch.
We speak German.
You all live here.
They speak English.
Do you live here?

The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about. A pronoun replaces a name: , , , , , , , . Use politely and with friends and children. A verb in the present tense describes now or a usual action.

Most verbs have a dictionary form, the infinitive, ending in -en. Remove that ending and adjust spelling for the stem: wonen → woon. Use the stem with , stem plus -t with singular , and the infinitive with plural . Singular means one; plural means more than one. has the stem .

Put the verb second in a statement. In a yes/no question, put it first. With after the verb, drop -t: With , keep it: Learn (Where are you from?) and (More slowly, please) as useful expressions.

Er is geen tafel

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FormExampleMeaning
There is a bed.
There are two chairs.
There is no table.
I have no chairs.
The wardrobe is not mine.
The room is not big.
There is nothing in the wardrobe.
It is my flat.

Use with one thing and with several things. Dutch has noun classes: learn or with each noun. These article words mean the; means a/an. This noun gender does not change verbs for male and female speakers.

Use instead of or before an indefinite noun without an article: , . Use for verbs, descriptions and definite phrases: , . means nothing. is a useful request: May I have a look?

Een grote bank, een groot huis

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FormExampleMeaning
This is a big sofa.
This is a big house.
The big house is old.
The red lamp is here.
My lamp is green.
I have two small chairs.
That is a white table.
The sofa is yellow.

An adjective describes something. After or , add -e: , . After , add -e for a noun: . With a singular noun, leave it off: . Plural adjectives before nouns take -e.

After , use the plain form: . Spelling can change: groot → grote, rood → rode, wit → witte. Verbs and adjectives do not change with the learner's sex.

Een stoel, twee stoelen

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FormExampleMeaning
There are two chairs here.
There are three tables.
I have two cups.
The key opens all the doors.
This is a cup.
This flat is small.
This table is white.
Those chairs are old.

Plural nouns usually end in -en or -s. Learn them with the noun. Common forms here are tafel → tafels, stoel → stoelen, kopje → kopjes, deur → deuren, sleutel → sleutels. All plural nouns use , even when singular uses .

Use with a singular noun, with a singular noun and every plural. points to something close; to something further away. (I have done nothing) is learned as a complete expression here; its verb pattern comes in module 8.

Wij zijn hier

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FormExampleMeaning
I am here.
You are here.
He is at home.
We are friends.
You all are here.
They have time.
· You have a key.
Do you have time?

Here are the full forms of : , , , . The plural form is shared by all three plural persons. For : , , , . With , is also standard; this course normally uses .

Ask , , , The extra -t disappears before , but stays before . Use for we and for more than one you. means us: , .

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