Module 8Grammar reviewPremium
Dutch in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Mijn hoofd doet pijn
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| My head hurts. | ||
| My head hurts. | ||
| My head and throat hurt. | ||
| My head and throat hurt. | ||
| I feel cold. | ||
| I feel cold. | ||
| I feel bad. | ||
| I feel bad. | ||
| You feel bad, politely. | ||
| You feel bad, politely. | ||
| We feel better. | ||
| We feel better. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have been ill for three days now. | ||
| I have been ill for three days now. | ||
Say or . Several body parts use a plural verb: . means I feel hot/cold; describes body temperature instead.
Use with the starting point of a continuing state: , . Dutch uses the present for a state still continuing: . gives its duration. , , , , , are reflexive forms.
Tien juli negentienhonderdvijfennegentig
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I was born on 10 July. | ||
| I was born on 10 July. | ||
| 1995 | My birth year is 1995. | |
| My birth year is 1995. | ||
| The appointment is at four. | ||
| The appointment is at four. | ||
| The appointment is in two weeks. | ||
| The appointment is in two weeks. | ||
| Can it be earlier? | ||
| Can it be earlier? | ||
| I want to make an appointment. | ||
| I want to make an appointment. | ||
| The appointment is on the twenty-eighth. | ||
| The appointment is on the twenty-eighth. | ||
| Spell your surname, please. | ||
| Spell your surname, please. | ||
Give a birth date as day, month and year: . is a complete expression introduced earlier; the participle does not change with the speaker's sex. Use for a date, for a clock time.
For future distance say . means earlier. Ordinals can stand alone for a known date: . For a new time ask ; for a request, . Put the infinitive at the end.
Doe uw mond open
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Drink a lot of water. | ||
| Drink a lot of water. | ||
| Eat fruit, please. | ||
| Eat fruit, please. | ||
| Sleep eight hours. | ||
| Sleep eight hours. | ||
| Breathe in deeply. | ||
| Breathe in deeply. | ||
| Open your mouth, politely. | ||
| Open your mouth, politely. | ||
| My throat has hurt since Saturday. | ||
| My throat has hurt since Saturday. | ||
| Stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
| Stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
| If you are tired, sleep. | ||
| If you are tired, sleep. | ||
Use the imperative stem for advice: , , , . The polite possessive is : . The particle of a separable verb stays at the end: , .
For a continuing problem say . For a length of time use , or if needed. A short condition uses verb-final : . means until Saturday; it does not itself include a statement about every later day.
Ik heb gekocht, ik ben gekomen
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have worked. | ||
| I have worked. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
The perfect tense uses or plus a past participle at the end. , . Regular participles use plus stem plus -t after the sounds in the consonants t, k, f, s, ch and p; otherwise -d. Examples: werken → gewerkt, spelen → gespeeld. Past participles never change with the learner's sex.
Most actions use . Movement to a destination and changes use : , . Learn irregular participles with their verb: kopen → gekocht, geven → gegeven. Separable verbs put between particle and stem: opstaan → opgestaan. Questions put the auxiliary first:
Twee per keer
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I take two tablets at a time. | ||
| I take two tablets at a time. | ||
| I take them three times a day. | ||
| I take them three times a day. | ||
| I take them after meals. | ||
| I take them after meals. | ||
| Joost has given me earplugs. | ||
| Joost has given me earplugs. | ||
| He has given them. | ||
| He has given them. | ||
| Now I sleep better. | ||
| Now I sleep better. | ||
| The prescription is more important than the list. | ||
| The prescription is more important than the list. | ||
| Emma is the best doctor. | ||
| Emma is the best doctor. | ||
means two tablets each time; means three times a day. means after meals; before meals. After a number, stays singular in this frequency pattern.
Recycle the perfect: . Put a short object before the participle: . Use a present verb for how things are now: . Comparative and superlative also describe the child's playful advice.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
My head hurts.
.
I was born on 10 July.
.
Drink a lot of water.
.
I have worked.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Mijn hoofd pijn.
My head hurts.
Ik ben geboren tien juli.
I was born on 10 July.
veel water.
Drink a lot of water.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Ik neem twee tabletten per .
I take two tablets at a time.
Ik voel slecht.
I feel bad.
De afspraak is twee weken.
The appointment is in two weeks.
diep in.
Breathe in deeply.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
veel water.
Drink a lot of water.
veel water.
Drink a lot of water.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Ik neem twee tabletten per .
I take two tablets at a time.
Ik neem twee tabletten per .
I take two tablets at a time.
Ik voel slecht.
I feel bad.
Ik voel slecht.
I feel bad.
De afspraak is twee weken.
The appointment is in two weeks.
De afspraak is twee weken.
The appointment is in two weeks.
diep in.
Breathe in deeply.
diep in.
Breathe in deeply.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
My head hurts.
I was born on 10 July.
Drink a lot of water.
I have worked.
I take two tablets at a time.
I feel bad.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
My head hurts.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
My head hurts.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was born on 10 July.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was born on 10 July.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Drink a lot of water.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Drink a lot of water.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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