Module 9Grammar reviewPremium
Dutch in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Vanavond ga ik spelen
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am going to play. | ||
| I am going to play. | ||
| You are going to sing. | ||
| You are going to sing. | ||
| He is going to dance. | ||
| He is going to dance. | ||
| We are going to cook. | ||
| We are going to cook. | ||
| You all are going to work. | ||
| You all are going to work. | ||
| They are going to come. | ||
| They are going to come. | ||
| Are you going to play? | ||
| Are you going to play? | ||
| The concert starts in ten minutes. | ||
| The concert starts in ten minutes. | ||
For a plan use plus an infinitive at the end: , , , . With an inverted , use :
A present verb with a future time is also natural: . means in ten minutes; means ten minutes ago. Use the perfect for a completed earlier action:
Gezien, gehoord, gevonden
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have seen the cat. | ||
| I have seen the cat. | ||
| I have heard music. | ||
| I have heard music. | ||
| I have found my key. | ||
| I have found my key. | ||
| I have looked for Max. | ||
| I have looked for Max. | ||
| What have you done? | ||
| What have you done? | ||
| I have eaten cake. | ||
| I have eaten cake. | ||
| I have gone home. | ||
| I have gone home. | ||
| I have not found him. | ||
| I have not found him. | ||
Learn these common participles: zien → gezien, horen → gehoord, vinden → gevonden, zoeken → gezocht, doen → gedaan, eten → gegeten. They normally use . Gaan → gegaan uses for movement to a destination.
Put before the participle: . means nothing: . gives a background state, while a perfect describes an action: .
Eerst, daarna
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| First I worked. | ||
| First I worked. | ||
| After that I danced. | ||
| After that I danced. | ||
| The concert started. | ||
| The concert started. | ||
| Something fell. | ||
| Something fell. | ||
| I wrote a report. | ||
| I wrote a report. | ||
| I screamed. | ||
| I screamed. | ||
| At eight the concert started. | ||
| At eight the concert started. | ||
| Then it was dark. | ||
| Then it was dark. | ||
Use for first and for after that. A time or sequence phrase first makes the auxiliary come before the subject: . The participle remains at the end.
Learn beginnen → begonnen, vallen → gevallen, schrijven → geschreven, schreeuwen → geschreeuwd, dansen → gedanst. A concert beginning and something falling use : , . Writing, screaming and dancing normally use .
Ik zat, jij sliep
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I was sitting on the bench. | ||
| I was sitting on the bench. | ||
| We were sitting on the bench. | ||
| We were sitting on the bench. | ||
| You were asleep during the concert. | ||
| You were asleep during the concert. | ||
| They were asleep at home. | ||
| They were asleep at home. | ||
| He was playing the trumpet. | ||
| He was playing the trumpet. | ||
| We were playing music. | ||
| We were playing music. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
| Mum took photos. | ||
| Mum took photos. | ||
Use simple past for background states and familiar repeated activities. In addition to and , learn zitten → zat/zaten, slapen → sliep/sliepen, zien → zag/zagen, horen → hoorde/hoorden. Singular persons share one form; plural persons share another. Spelen → speelde/speelden has -de; werken → werkte/werkten has -te.
Use a perfect for a completed action: , . Early childhood phrases are now part of this pattern. means when in past narration and puts the verb last in its clause: .
Beste Anna
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Dear Anna, how are you? | ||
| Dear Anna, how are you? | ||
| On Saturday there was the festival. | ||
| On Saturday there was the festival. | ||
| I worked at the festival. | ||
| I worked at the festival. | ||
| My colleague danced. | ||
| My colleague danced. | ||
| It was great fun. | ||
| It was great fun. | ||
| Tomorrow I will buy a stamp. | ||
| Tomorrow I will buy a stamp. | ||
| I send the card to Anna. | ||
| I send the card to Anna. | ||
| I finish my card with Best wishes. | ||
| I finish my card with Best wishes. | ||
Open an informal postcard with and finish with and your name. Use for an event date, or just in a short story. A perfect tells what you did: , .
Describe background with . Use present plus a future time for a plan: . Keep the verb second: , not .
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
I am going to play.
.
I have seen the cat.
.
First I worked.
.
I was sitting on the bench.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Ik spelen.
I am going to play.
Ik heb de kat .
I have seen the cat.
Eerst ik gewerkt.
First I worked.
Ik op de bank.
I was sitting on the bench.
Anna, hoe gaat het?
Dear Anna, how are you?
Wij koken.
We are going to cook.
Ik heb Max .
I have looked for Max.
Er iets gevallen.
Something fell.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Eerst ik gewerkt.
First I worked.
Eerst ik gewerkt.
First I worked.
Ik op de bank.
I was sitting on the bench.
Ik op de bank.
I was sitting on the bench.
Anna, hoe gaat het?
Dear Anna, how are you?
Anna, hoe gaat het?
Dear Anna, how are you?
Wij koken.
We are going to cook.
Wij koken.
We are going to cook.
Ik heb Max .
I have looked for Max.
Ik heb Max .
I have looked for Max.
Er iets gevallen.
Something fell.
Er iets gevallen.
Something fell.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
I am going to play.
I have seen the cat.
First I worked.
I was sitting on the bench.
Dear Anna, how are you?
We are going to cook.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
I am going to play.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I am going to play.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have seen the cat.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have seen the cat.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
First I worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
First I worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was sitting on the bench.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I was sitting on the bench.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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