Completed actions
The perfect tense uses or plus a past participle at the end. , . Regular participles use plus stem plus -t after the sounds in the consonants t, k, f, s, ch and p; otherwise -d. Examples: werken → gewerkt, spelen → gespeeld. Past participles never change with the learner's sex.
Most actions use . Movement to a destination and changes use : , . Learn irregular participles with their verb: kopen → gekocht, geven → gegeven. Separable verbs put between particle and stem: opstaan → opgestaan. Questions put the auxiliary first:
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have worked. | ||
| I have worked. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| We have played. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| I have come. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| Joost has got up. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| I have bought tablets. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| He has given earplugs. | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| Have you worked? | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
| They have gone home. | ||
Ik heb gewerkt.I have worked.
Wij hebben gespeeld.We have played.
Ik ben gekomen.I have come.
Joost is opgestaan.Joost has got up.
Ik heb tabletten gekocht.I have bought tablets.
Hij heeft oordopjes gegeven.He has given earplugs.
Heb je gewerkt?Have you worked?
Zij zijn naar huis gegaan.They have gone home.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
I have worked.
.
We have played.
.
I have come.
.
Joost has got up.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Ik gewerkt.
I have worked.
Wij gespeeld.
We have played.
Ik ben .
I have come.
Joost is .
Joost has got up.
Ik heb tabletten .
I have bought tablets.
Hij heeft oordopjes .
He has given earplugs.
je gewerkt?
Have you worked?
Zij naar huis gegaan.
They have gone home.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ik ben .
I have come.
Joost is .
Joost has got up.
Ik heb tabletten .
I have bought tablets.
Hij heeft oordopjes .
He has given earplugs.
je gewerkt?
Have you worked?
Zij naar huis gegaan.
They have gone home.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I have worked.
We have played.
I have come.
Joost has got up.
I have bought tablets.
He has given earplugs.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
We have played.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
We have played.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have come.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
I have come.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Joost has got up.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Joost has got up.
You say:
Use the meaning and Dutch pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
