Module 8Grammar reviewPremium

English in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

my head hurts, I feel ill

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Describe pain in one body part.
Describe pain in one body part.
		Describe pain in more than one body part.
Describe pain in more than one body part.
		Describe how you feel with an adjective.
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
		Use the usual phrase for this symptom.
Use the usual phrase for this symptom.
		Give an elapsed duration.
Give an elapsed duration.
		Give a starting point rather than a duration.
Give a starting point rather than a duration.

The body part is the subject in . Use for one part and for a plural: . Another everyday phrase is .

With use an adjective: , , . The continuous is also natural for a changing condition. describes pain in a body part.

For a duration use : . Use for a starting point: . In this early health scene they can occur as short answers to ; a full continuing-tense pattern is practised later.

must, don’t have to, mustn’t

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Express a strong need to call.
Express a strong need to call.
		Express her obligation.
Express her obligation.
		Ask about an obligation.
Ask about an obligation.
		Say coming is not necessary.
Say coming is not necessary.
		Say parking here is forbidden.
Say parking here is forbidden.
		Express your need to rest.
Express your need to rest.

plus base verb expresses a strong obligation: . It has the same form for all subjects and has no before the next verb.

is another common obligation pattern: , . Its questions and negatives use : , .

Distinguish (there is no need) from (it is forbidden). leaves a choice; forbids parking.

today at four, an earlier appointment

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Give a particular appointment date.
Give a particular appointment date.
		Give a clock time.
Give a clock time.
		Ask about an available arrangement.
Ask about an available arrangement.
		Ask whether the time works for the listener.
Ask whether the time works for the listener.
		Ask for an appointment sooner than the offered one.
Ask for an appointment sooner than the offered one.
		Ask about the next day without a preposition.
Ask about the next day without a preposition.

Combine a day/date and time: , . and take no before them.

asks about a possible arrangement. and check whether the time works for the listener.

Use the comparative for a sooner time: . A useful direct question is Keep the request brief and clear.

should, shouldn’t, how long

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Give advice to rest.
Give advice to rest.
		Advise against working today.
Advise against working today.
		Give advice about a sufficient amount of water.
Give advice about a sufficient amount of water.
		Ask about the duration.
Ask about the duration.
		Ask for the starting point.
Ask for the starting point.
		Advise reading the medicine instructions.
Advise reading the medicine instructions.

Use plus base verb for advice: . Negative advice uses : . It is the same form for every subject.

For a direct instruction use an imperative: . goes before a noun, unlike its position after an adjective: , .

asks a duration; asks the starting point. A short reply such as is useful in a conversation about symptoms.

know, understand, know how to

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Say Jack is familiar to you.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
		Say you grasp the question’s meaning.
Say you grasp the question’s meaning.
		Complete the learned-skill pattern.
Complete the learned-skill pattern.
		Link a known fact with an optional content word.
Link a known fact with an optional content word.
		Express a swimming skill.
Express a swimming skill.
		Say the meaning is unclear.
Say the meaning is unclear.

expresses a fact or familiarity: , . expresses grasping the meaning: . These usually use simple present in this sense, not a continuous form.

A skill can use : . Another pattern is plus base verb: . Keep the whole expression rather than treating English know as one pattern for every situation.

A short fact clause can use : . In ordinary speech is often omitted: .

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the patterns

Tap the form described in this unit.

.
Describe pain in one body part.
.
Express a strong need to call.
.
Give a particular appointment date.
.
Give advice to rest.
.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
As Lukas
. .
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lena
. .
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lukas
. .
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
As Lena
. .
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
.
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
?
Ask about an obligation.
?
Ask about an available arrangement.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the form

Choose the right word for the gap.

My head .
Describe pain in one body part.
I must the surgery.
Express a strong need to call.
The appointment is the twenty-seventh of April.
Give a particular appointment date.
You should .
Give advice to rest.
I Jack.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
As Lukas
Lukas my neighbour. He’s from Hamburg.
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lena
Lena my neighbour. She’s from Hamburg.
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lukas
Lukas is here. lives in Millbrook.
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
As Lena
Lena is here. lives in Millbrook.
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
I feel .
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
Do you have work?
Ask about an obligation.
Can I today?
Ask about an available arrangement.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete a short message

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

My head .
Describe pain in one body part.
My head .
Describe pain in one body part.
I must the surgery.
Express a strong need to call.
I must the surgery.
Express a strong need to call.
The appointment is the twenty-seventh of April.
Give a particular appointment date.
The appointment is the twenty-seventh of April.
Give a particular appointment date.
You should .
Give advice to rest.
You should .
Give advice to rest.
I Jack.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
I Jack.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
As Lukas
Lukas my neighbour. He’s from Hamburg.
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lena
Lena my neighbour. She’s from Hamburg.
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lukas
Lukas is here. lives in Millbrook.
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
As Lena
Lena is here. lives in Millbrook.
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
I feel .
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
I feel .
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
Do you have work?
Ask about an obligation.
Do you have work?
Ask about an obligation.
Can I today?
Ask about an available arrangement.
Can I today?
Ask about an available arrangement.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build useful sentences

Put the words in order.

Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.

Describe pain in one body part.
Express a strong need to call.
Give a particular appointment date.
Give advice to rest.
Say Jack is familiar to you.
As Lukas
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lena
Refer to the learner as your neighbour.
As Lukas
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
As Lena
Refer back to Lukas or Lena with the appropriate pronoun.
Describe how you feel with an adjective.
Ask about an obligation.
Ask about an available arrangement.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

Describe pain in one body part.
You say:
Describe pain in one body part.
You say:
Express a strong need to call.
You say:
Express a strong need to call.
You say:
Give a particular appointment date.
You say:
Give a particular appointment date.
You say:
Give advice to rest.
You say:
Give advice to rest.
You say: