Recent results and unfinished expectations
With present perfect, often comes between the auxiliary and participle: . in that position describes something very recent: .
normally comes at the end of a question or negative: , . It suggests the action is expected. Use in a positive statement rather than ordinary positive .
Compare with . The first gives a finished past time; the second focuses on the result now.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Say the decision is complete now. | ||
| Say the decision is complete now. | ||
| Ask about a decision expected by now. | ||
| Ask about a decision expected by now. | ||
| Say the expected decision is still incomplete. | ||
| Say the expected decision is still incomplete. | ||
| Say arrival happened a moment ago. | ||
| Say arrival happened a moment ago. | ||
| Use past simple with a finished past time. | ||
| Use past simple with a finished past time. | ||
| Use the participle after has. | ||
| Use the participle after has. | ||
I’ve already decided.Say the decision is complete now.
Have you decided yet?Ask about a decision expected by now.
I haven’t decided yet.Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
I’ve just arrived.Say arrival happened a moment ago.
I decided yesterday.Use past simple with a finished past time.
She has already written the letter.Use the participle after has.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the patterns
Tap the form described in this unit.
.
Say the decision is complete now.
?
Ask about a decision expected by now.
.
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
.
Use past simple with a finished past time.
.
Use the participle after has.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Choose the right word for the gap.
I’ve decided.
Say the decision is complete now.
Have you decided ?
Ask about a decision expected by now.
I haven’t decided .
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
I’ve arrived.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
I yesterday.
Use past simple with a finished past time.
She has already the letter.
Use the participle after has.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete a short message
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
I’ve decided.
Say the decision is complete now.
Have you decided ?
Ask about a decision expected by now.
I haven’t decided .
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
I’ve arrived.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
I yesterday.
Use past simple with a finished past time.
She has already the letter.
Use the participle after has.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build useful sentences
Put the words in order.
Say the decision is complete now.
Ask about a decision expected by now.
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
Use past simple with a finished past time.
Use the participle after has.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
Say the decision is complete now.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Say the decision is complete now.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Ask about a decision expected by now.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Ask about a decision expected by now.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Say the expected decision is still incomplete.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Say arrival happened a moment ago.
You say:
Choose the form that fits this meaning and the English pattern explained in the unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
