Module 2Grammar reviewPremium

Estonian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Olen pärit, räägin

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — speak
I — speak
		you, familiar singular — speak
you, familiar singular — speak
		he/she — speak
he/she — speak
		we — speak
we — speak
		you, plural/polite — speak
you, plural/polite — speak
		they — speak
they — speak

Origins use different natural endings: from Germany, from Hamburg, from Estonia. Learn as a whole introduction before the two location-case sets.

Language names are . Speaking uses partitive . An infinitive is an unchanging verb form: . and help you repair a conversation. The alphabet uses ordinary letter names; are distinct Estonian letters.

Laud, laua, lauda

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Nominative	Genitive	Partitive	Meaning
			table
table
			chair
chair
			bed
bed
			room
room
			key
key

Learn a noun with nominative, genitive and partitive: , , , , . Stems can change, so adding one ending to the dictionary form is not enough.

Positive commonly has a nominative subject: . Negative existence and possession use partitive: , . Partitive can end in -t/-d or a vowel and sometimes matches the genitive. and are familiar instructions learned whole here.

Kollane diivan, kollast diivanit

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Form	Example	Meaning
		This is a yellow sofa.
This is a yellow sofa.
		I do not have a yellow sofa.
I do not have a yellow sofa.
		I take the yellow sofa.
I take the yellow sofa.
		This is a big room.
This is a big room.
		I do not have a big room.
I do not have a big room.
		These are yellow sofas.
These are yellow sofas.

An adjective describes a noun and normally agrees in case and number. Nominative , genitive , partitive . Other colours include and .

and also change their stems. In the location case, both can have the ending: . A plural nominative adds -d to the genitive stem: .

Lauad, toolid, uksed

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Form	Example	Meaning
		There are two tables here.
There are two tables here.
		The tables are here.
The tables are here.
		The chairs are here.
The chairs are here.
		The doors are open.
The doors are open.
		I have no chairs.
I have no chairs.
		I have no keys.
I have no keys.

Plural means more than one. The nominative plural adds -d to the singular genitive stem: , , , . A plural subject with uses , just like third-person singular.

Partitive plural after negation has several patterns: . Learn these whole with common nouns. Negative differs from positive . is a useful let us go and look phrase.

Korteris, kohvrist

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I am in the flat.
I am in the flat.
		I come out of the flat.
I come out of the flat.
		I am in the room.
I am in the room.
		I come out of the room.
I come out of the room.
		Muri is under the sofa.
Muri is under the sofa.
		We help now.
We help now.

The inessive describes being inside and normally adds -s to the genitive stem: . The elative describes coming from inside and adds -st: .

A postposition follows a genitive noun: , . Pronoun can shorten to . Estonian present forms can describe an action happening now; no special action-in-progress ending is required.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. This is the room’s door.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. This is the room’s door.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I do not have a big room.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I do not have a big room.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I have no chairs.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I have no chairs.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Mixed person forms 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ma eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Sa eesti keelt.
You (familiar singular) speak Estonian.
Ta eesti keelt.
He/she speaks Estonian.
Me eesti keelt.
We speak Estonian.
Te eesti keelt.
You (polite/plural) speak Estonian.
Nad eesti keelt.
They speak Estonian.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the table.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a table.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the chair.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a chair.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the bed.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a bed.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the room.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a room.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the key.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a key.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Recall the person forms 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ma eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Sa eesti keelt.
You (familiar singular) speak Estonian.
Ta eesti keelt.
He/she speaks Estonian.
Me eesti keelt.
We speak Estonian.
Te eesti keelt.
You (polite/plural) speak Estonian.
Nad eesti keelt.
They speak Estonian.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the table.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a table.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the chair.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a chair.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the bed.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a bed.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the room.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a room.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the key.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a key.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
I am Lukas. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. This is the room’s door.
As Lena
I am Lena. This is the room’s door.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I do not have a big room.
As Lena
I am Lena. I do not have a big room.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I have no chairs.
As Lena
I am Lena. I have no chairs.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Muri is under the sofa.
As Lena
I am Lena. Muri is under the sofa.
I speak Estonian.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the room’s door.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the room’s door.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I do not have a big room.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I do not have a big room.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I have no chairs.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I have no chairs.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Estonian in everyday situations

6exercises

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