Module 8Grammar reviewPremium

Estonian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Pea valutab, mul on halb

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		My head hurts.
My head hurts.
		My legs hurt.
My legs hurt.
		I feel unwell.
I feel unwell.
		I feel well.
I feel well.
		I cannot come.
I cannot come.
		We feel well.
We feel well.

The body part can be a subject: , , . A person can be added with : . This is different from a direct-object I hurt someone pattern.

means I feel unwell. A reflexive expression is . has . means I cannot come; the second verb uses the infinitive.

Sünniaeg ja aastad

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Date of birth: the tenth of July.
Date of birth: the tenth of July.
		The birthday is on the tenth of July.
The birthday is on the tenth of July.
		I was born in 1995.
I was born in 1995.
		Nineteen ninety-five.
Nineteen ninety-five.
		In two weeks.
In two weeks.
		Is it possible earlier?
Is it possible earlier?

A date on a form can be . A birthday sentence instead uses . Learn as a birth-date chunk; is I was born and never changes for learner gender.

Years can be read as a chain of numbers on the form: . A span in two weeks is . means earlier. means an appointment with the doctor.

Sööge, jooge, hingake

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Mrs Tamm, eat fruit, politely.
Mrs Tamm, eat fruit, politely.
		Liis, eat fruit.
Liis, eat fruit.
		Mrs Tamm, drink water, politely.
Mrs Tamm, drink water, politely.
		Liis, drink water.
Liis, drink water.
		I have been ill since Saturday.
I have been ill since Saturday.
		I have to stay in bed until Saturday.
I have to stay in bed until Saturday.

Common polite/plural instructions are . Familiar forms are . Negative and follow the imperative patterns already taught.

Since can be or . The terminative -ni means until: , . combines a past state and completed change; learn as completed past of .

Töötasin, lugesin

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — worked
I — worked
		you, familiar singular — worked
you, familiar singular — worked
		he/she — worked
he/she — worked
		we — worked
we — worked
		you, plural/polite — worked
you, plural/polite — worked
		they — worked
they — worked

A common simple-past pattern is -sin, -sid, -s, -sime, -site, -sid: . Stems may change: , .

Past negation uses plus -nud, unchanged for every person: , , . Some participles are irregular: , . English have just can simply use a completed past and : .

Kaks tabletti, kolm korda

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Once a day.
Once a day.
		Three times a day.
Three times a day.
		Two tablets.
Two tablets.
		After a meal.
After a meal.
		According to the prescription.
According to the prescription.
		Jaan gave me earplugs.
Jaan gave me earplugs.

Count repetitions with : , , . Medication instructions can use . The noun learning forms are .

and use partitive after the preposition. has a genitive noun before a postposition. is a completed giving event with a plural whole object; plural whole objects normally use nominative.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I cannot come.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I cannot come.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. In two weeks.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. In two weeks.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Mixed person forms 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ma siin.
I worked here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) worked here.
Ta siin.
He/she worked here.
Me siin.
We worked here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) worked here.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Recall the person forms 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ma siin.
I worked here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) worked here.
Ta siin.
He/she worked here.
Me siin.
We worked here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) worked here.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
I am Lukas. I cannot come.
As Lena
I am Lena. I cannot come.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. In two weeks.
As Lena
I am Lena. In two weeks.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lena
I am Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. According to the prescription.
As Lena
I am Lena. According to the prescription.
Date of birth: the tenth of July.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I cannot come.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I cannot come.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. In two weeks.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. In two weeks.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Estonian in everyday situations

6exercises

Keep practising

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