Module 6Grammar reviewPremium

Estonian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Jaama, jaamas, jaamast

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I go to the station.
I go to the station.
		I am at the station.
I am at the station.
		I come from the station.
I come from the station.
		I go home.
I go home.
		I am at home.
I am at home.
		I come from home.
I come from home.

Estonian has three inside-location cases. Illative means into or to: , or the longer . Inessive means at/in: . Elative means from/out of: . Other useful sets: , , .

Direction words are . Names of places have their own usual cases: uses the outside set. Learning a place with to/at/from avoids a literal English preposition translation.

Kilo õunu, pudel piima

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Form	Example	Meaning
		A kilo of apples.
A kilo of apples.
		Two kilos of potatoes.
Two kilos of potatoes.
		Half a kilo of cheese.
Half a kilo of cheese.
		A bottle of milk.
A bottle of milk.
		A piece of cake.
A piece of cake.
		I need help.
I need help.

Use a partitive after a measure: . Separate countable items often use partitive plural; substances use partitive singular.

A noun’s partitive plural is not always nominative plural plus an ending: , , . A need is , with the needed noun in partitive: .

Rongiga, bussiga, jala

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I travel by train.
I travel by train.
		I travel by bus.
I travel by bus.
		I go on foot.
I go on foot.
		I am on the train.
I am on the train.
		Two return tickets.
Two return tickets.
		The train is cancelled.
The train is cancelled.

Transport normally uses comitative: . Walking is the fixed word . A location inside a train instead uses .

An exact digital time can name the hour then the minutes: , . A ticket is or . Learn as an announcement chunk; the participle is not a gender form.

Saan, võin, oskan

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Person		Meaning
		I — can
I — can
		you, familiar singular — can
you, familiar singular — can
		he/she — can
he/she — can
		we — can
we — can
		you, plural/polite — can
you, plural/polite — can
		they — can
they — can

means can or be able in context: . often gives permission or possibility: . Both take the infinitive: , .

A learned skill uses : . is facts, is people, and is know how. The same English can does not require one Estonian verb in every situation.

Lauale, laual, laualt

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I put the key on the table.
I put the key on the table.
		The key is on the table.
The key is on the table.
		I take the key from the table.
I take the key from the table.
		Muri is sitting on the chair.
Muri is sitting on the chair.
		Jaan has a key.
Jaan has a key.
		The post office is between the bank and pharmacy.
The post office is between the bank and pharmacy.

The outside-location set uses allative -le, adessive -l and ablative -lt on the genitive stem: , . The adessive also expresses a possessor: .

Postpositions can express motion or location too: to the top, on top, from the top. means between the bank and pharmacy; both preceding nouns are genitive. and are explained completed-past chunks in the map conversation.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I am at home.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I am at home.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. A piece of cake.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. A piece of cake.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. Two return tickets.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. Two return tickets.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You can come, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You can come, polite/plural.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Mixed person forms 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ma aidata.
I can help.
Sa aidata.
You (familiar singular) can help.
Ta aidata.
He/she can help.
Me aidata.
We can help.
Te aidata.
You (polite/plural) can help.
Nad aidata.
They can help.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Recall the person forms 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ma aidata.
I can help.
Sa aidata.
You (familiar singular) can help.
Ta aidata.
He/she can help.
Me aidata.
We can help.
Te aidata.
You (polite/plural) can help.
Nad aidata.
They can help.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
I am Lukas. I am at home.
As Lena
I am Lena. I am at home.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. A piece of cake.
As Lena
I am Lena. A piece of cake.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Two return tickets.
As Lena
I am Lena. Two return tickets.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You can come, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You can come, polite/plural.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Jaan has a key.
As Lena
I am Lena. Jaan has a key.
I go to the station.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I am at home.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I am at home.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. A piece of cake.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. A piece of cake.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. Two return tickets.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. Two return tickets.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You can come, polite/plural.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You can come, polite/plural.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Estonian in everyday situations

6exercises

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