Module 5Grammar reviewPremium

Estonian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Pool kuus, kolmveerand üheksa

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Half past five is five thirty.
Half past five is five thirty.
		Quarter to nine is eight forty-five.
Quarter to nine is eight forty-five.
		Quarter past eight is eight fifteen.
Quarter past eight is eight fifteen.
		Five minutes to nine.
Five minutes to nine.
		We work from nine to half past five.
We work from nine to half past five.
		Ten past nine.
Ten past nine.

Ask Say . means 5:30: half of the sixth hour. means 8:45: three quarters of the ninth hour. is 8:15. This differs from English half past.

For an exact minute, say for 8:55 or for 9:10. A work span is : from nine until half past five. is an explained have-arrived-late chunk; simple also means I am late.

Esmaspäeval, reedeti

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		The meeting is on Thursday.
The meeting is on Thursday.
		I work on Monday.
I work on Monday.
		I am never late.
I am never late.
		The cat comes every Friday.
The cat comes every Friday.
		Sometimes I eat cake.
Sometimes I eat cake.
		I am always here.
I am always here.

Weekdays are . For on a day use . or means every Friday.

An adverb gives information about an action: . With never, use a negative verb: . means at the weekend.

Magama, magada

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I want to sleep.
I want to sleep.
		I go to bed.
I go to bed.
		I like reading.
I like reading.
		I come to drink coffee.
I come to drink coffee.
		I like eating.
I like eating.
		I wash myself.
I wash myself.

Learn verbs with both infinitives: , , , , , . and use the form: , .

Motion to an activity often uses the form: , . The -mas form can occur in activity chunks such as . A self-reference is reflexive: . Estonian does not mechanically add a reflexive suffix to every routine.

Laua peal, printeri ees

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — put
I — put
		you, familiar singular — put
you, familiar singular — put
		he/she — put
he/she — put
		we — put
we — put
		you, plural/polite — put
you, plural/polite — put
		they — put
they — put

A postposition follows a genitive noun: . Learn the genitive stem with every noun. is a location question; asks where to.

Common instruction chunks are and . Present is ; is . A completed whole object often uses genitive: .

Tule, tulge; ära, ärge

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Liis, come here.
Liis, come here.
		Mrs Tamm, come here, politely.
Mrs Tamm, come here, politely.
		Liis, do not play at night.
Liis, do not play at night.
		Mrs Tamm, do not play at night.
Mrs Tamm, do not play at night.
		Liis, put the key here.
Liis, put the key here.
		Mrs Tamm, put the key here.
Mrs Tamm, put the key here.

An imperative is an instruction or request. Familiar singular uses a stem: . Polite/plural forms use . Learn irregular pairs , , with the verb.

A familiar negative uses : . Polite/plural uses : . Let us can be or . means may not: .

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. We work from nine to half past five.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. We work from nine to half past five.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. Sometimes I eat cake.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. Sometimes I eat cake.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I like eating.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I like eating.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. We put the key on the table.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. We put the key on the table.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Mixed person forms 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ma võtme siia.
I put the key here.
Sa võtme siia.
You (familiar singular) put the key here.
Ta võtme siia.
He/she puts the key here.
Me võtme siia.
We put the key here.
Te võtme siia.
You (polite/plural) put the key here.
Nad võtme siia.
They put the key here.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Recall the person forms 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ma võtme siia.
I put the key here.
Sa võtme siia.
You (familiar singular) put the key here.
Ta võtme siia.
He/she puts the key here.
Me võtme siia.
We put the key here.
Te võtme siia.
You (polite/plural) put the key here.
Nad võtme siia.
They put the key here.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
I am Lukas. We work from nine to half past five.
As Lena
I am Lena. We work from nine to half past five.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Sometimes I eat cake.
As Lena
I am Lena. Sometimes I eat cake.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I like eating.
As Lena
I am Lena. I like eating.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. We put the key on the table.
As Lena
I am Lena. We put the key on the table.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Liis, put the key here.
As Lena
I am Lena. Liis, put the key here.
Half past five is five thirty.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. We work from nine to half past five.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. We work from nine to half past five.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. Sometimes I eat cake.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. Sometimes I eat cake.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I like eating.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I like eating.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. We put the key on the table.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. We put the key on the table.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Estonian in everyday situations

6exercises

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