Module 4Grammar reviewPremium

Estonian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Minu pere, mul on vend

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I have one brother.
I have one brother.
		He/she does not have a brother.
He/she does not have a brother.
		This is my brother’s photo.
This is my brother’s photo.
		I have one sister.
I have one sister.
		I am thirty years old.
I am thirty years old.
		The baby is six months old.
The baby is six months old.

A family is or . A brother is and sister . means I have one younger brother and one older sister. Comparative are learned as these useful family descriptions first.

Age uses , not a have verb: . After six use partitive . Grandchild is gender-neutral; context identifies a grandson or granddaughter. is a past-state chunk, explained fully in this module.

Kümnendal juulil

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Form	Example	Meaning
		The birthday is on the tenth of July.
The birthday is on the tenth of July.
		On the tenth of July.
On the tenth of July.
		On the twenty-eighth of March.
On the twenty-eighth of March.
		This is the first question.
This is the first question.
		This is the second question.
This is the second question.
		I live here in March.
I live here in March.

An ordinal gives a position: . For birthday dates use an ordinal with -l: , . In a heading or on a form, is a nominative date.

Month names are . For in a month use . Learn as a birth-date chunk when needed.

Pruunid silmad, lokkis juuksed

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Form	Example	Meaning
		Jaan is tall.
Jaan is tall.
		Leena is small.
Leena is small.
		Jaan has brown eyes.
Jaan has brown eyes.
		He/she has black hair.
He/she has black hair.
		I like cake.
I like cake.
		I like cakes.
I like cakes.

A person can be . Describing words do not change for a person’s gender. Plural eyes and hair use , . Head hair is normally plural ; one animal hair is .

Possession still uses a possessor form: . The adjective is learned as a describing chunk in . means I like; plural things use : .

Mulle, sulle, talle

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		This is for me.
This is for me.
		This is for you, familiar.
This is for you, familiar.
		This is for him/her.
This is for him/her.
		This is for us.
This is for us.
		I give the key.
I give the key.
		This is for Liis.
This is for Liis.

Recipient forms are . These are allative pronoun forms and answer to whom. Giving is .

A name normally adds -le to its genitive: , . Another option is genitive plus : . A completed giving event can have a genitive object: . The childhood form is an early past chunk here.

Olin, olid, oli

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — was/were
I — was/were
		you, familiar singular — was/were
you, familiar singular — was/were
		he/she — was/were
he/she — was/were
		we — was/were
we — was/were
		you, plural/polite — was/were
you, plural/polite — was/were
		they — was/were
they — was/were

The past tense describes an earlier time. Simple past is . The verb has no distinction for the speaker’s sex. The same serves familiar you and they.

Regular -si- past often uses -sin, -sid, -s, -sime, -site, -sid: . Learn early for a childhood memory. Past negation uses , the same for all persons; is a contraction.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I am thirty years old.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I am thirty years old.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. This is the second question.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. This is the second question.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I like cake.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I like cake.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I give the key.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I give the key.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Mixed person forms 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ma siin.
I was here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) were here.
Ta siin.
He/she was here.
Me siin.
We were here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) were here.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Recall the person forms 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ma siin.
I was here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) were here.
Ta siin.
He/she was here.
Me siin.
We were here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) were here.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
I am Lukas. I am thirty years old.
As Lena
I am Lena. I am thirty years old.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. This is the second question.
As Lena
I am Lena. This is the second question.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I like cake.
As Lena
I am Lena. I like cake.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I give the key.
As Lena
I am Lena. I give the key.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You were here, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You were here, polite/plural.
I have one brother.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I am thirty years old.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I am thirty years old.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the second question.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the second question.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I like cake.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I like cake.
You say:
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I give the key.
You say:
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I give the key.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Estonian in everyday situations

6exercises

Keep practising

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