Module 10Grammar reviewPremium
Estonian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Üheks ööks
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| For one night. | ||
| For one night. | ||
| From Sunday until Monday. | ||
| From Sunday until Monday. | ||
| I want to book a room. | ||
| I want to book a room. | ||
| A single room. | ||
| A single room. | ||
| A double room. | ||
| A double room. | ||
| Breakfast is included. | ||
| Breakfast is included. | ||
For a planned stay, means for one night. Translative -ks is also used for intended time or purpose: . A span can be .
is a single room and a double. Booking uses with a infinitive. means included. Invitations can use present .
Endast ja oma tööst
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am German. | ||
| I am German. | ||
| I am an engineer. | ||
| I am an engineer. | ||
| Tell me about yourself. | ||
| Tell me about yourself. | ||
| I talk about my job. | ||
| I talk about my job. | ||
| I came because of the job. | ||
| I came because of the job. | ||
| I have lived here for ten years. | ||
| I have lived here for ten years. | ||
and do not require male/female versions. means about yourself. can refer back to the subject’s own possession: .
Duration with present can be . A reason can use genitive plus : , . This differs from a time after an event such as .
Keegi ei saa, mitte midagi
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Nobody can come. | ||
| Nobody can come. | ||
| I do not know anything. | ||
| I do not know anything. | ||
| Everyone is here. | ||
| Everyone is here. | ||
| Are you coming to dinner? | ||
| Are you coming to dinner? | ||
| Are you coming to dinner, politely? | ||
| Are you coming to dinner, politely? | ||
| I do the cooking myself. | ||
| I do the cooking myself. | ||
Invite with familiar or polite. Accept and refuse . Suggest .
Negative indefinites work with a negative verb: , . can mean everyone or everything; context and the predicate distinguish them. means oneself or personally: .
Kelle asjad?
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Whose key is this? | ||
| Whose key is this? | ||
| This is Jaan’s trumpet. | ||
| This is Jaan’s trumpet. | ||
| This is Toomas’s pen. | ||
| This is Toomas’s pen. | ||
| I found the key. | ||
| I found the key. | ||
| I did not find the key. | ||
| I did not find the key. | ||
| Without the old key. | ||
| Without the old key. | ||
Ask Possession uses genitive: , , . Noun stems can change even in names: .
Finding a whole object uses , but negative uses partitive. Adjectives agree in ordinary cases: . In comitative/abessive phrases the adjective commonly stays genitive while the noun gets the ending: , .
Jään, otsustasin
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — stay | ||
| I — stay | ||
| you, familiar singular — stay | ||
| you, familiar singular — stay | ||
| he/she — stay | ||
| he/she — stay | ||
| we — stay | ||
| we — stay | ||
| you, plural/polite — stay | ||
| you, plural/polite — stay | ||
| they — stay | ||
| they — stay | ||
means stay or become in context: . For a decision is natural. uses the infinitive; uses .
Join simple clauses: . A future condition can use present . Keep identity, possession, location, completed past, experience and future-time present distinct. The full case inventory is a reference; rare essive forms in -na are not required for this A1 decision.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. A double room.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. A double room.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I came because of the job.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I came because of the job.
As Lukas
. ?
I am Lukas. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
As Lena
. ?
I am Lena. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I did not find the key.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I did not find the key.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Mixed person forms 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma siia.
I stay here.
Sa siia.
You (familiar singular) stay here.
Ta siia.
He/she stays here.
Me siia.
We stay here.
Te siia.
You (polite/plural) stay here.
Nad siia.
They stay here.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Recall the person forms 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma siia.
I stay here.
Sa siia.
You (familiar singular) stay here.
Ta siia.
He/she stays here.
Me siia.
We stay here.
Te siia.
You (polite/plural) stay here.
Nad siia.
They stay here.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. A double room.
As Lena
I am Lena. A double room.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I came because of the job.
As Lena
I am Lena. I came because of the job.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
As Lena
I am Lena. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I did not find the key.
As Lena
I am Lena. I did not find the key.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You stay here, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You stay here, polite/plural.
I am German.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. A double room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. A double room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I came because of the job.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I came because of the job.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. Are you coming to dinner, politely?
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I did not find the key.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I did not find the key.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete