Module 2Grammar reviewPremium
Estonian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Olen pärit, räägin
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — speak | ||
| I — speak | ||
| you, familiar singular — speak | ||
| you, familiar singular — speak | ||
| he/she — speak | ||
| he/she — speak | ||
| we — speak | ||
| we — speak | ||
| you, plural/polite — speak | ||
| you, plural/polite — speak | ||
| they — speak | ||
| they — speak | ||
Origins use different natural endings: from Germany, from Hamburg, from Estonia. Learn as a whole introduction before the two location-case sets.
Language names are . Speaking uses partitive . An infinitive is an unchanging verb form: . and help you repair a conversation. The alphabet uses ordinary letter names; are distinct Estonian letters.
Laud, laua, lauda
| Nominative | Genitive | Partitive | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| table | |||
| table | |||
| chair | |||
| chair | |||
| bed | |||
| bed | |||
| room | |||
| room | |||
| key | |||
| key | |||
Learn a noun with nominative, genitive and partitive: , , , , . Stems can change, so adding one ending to the dictionary form is not enough.
Positive commonly has a nominative subject: . Negative existence and possession use partitive: , . Partitive can end in -t/-d or a vowel and sometimes matches the genitive. and are familiar instructions learned whole here.
Kollane diivan, kollast diivanit
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| This is a yellow sofa. | ||
| This is a yellow sofa. | ||
| I do not have a yellow sofa. | ||
| I do not have a yellow sofa. | ||
| I take the yellow sofa. | ||
| I take the yellow sofa. | ||
| This is a big room. | ||
| This is a big room. | ||
| I do not have a big room. | ||
| I do not have a big room. | ||
| These are yellow sofas. | ||
| These are yellow sofas. | ||
An adjective describes a noun and normally agrees in case and number. Nominative , genitive , partitive . Other colours include and .
and also change their stems. In the location case, both can have the ending: . A plural nominative adds -d to the genitive stem: .
Lauad, toolid, uksed
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| There are two tables here. | ||
| There are two tables here. | ||
| The tables are here. | ||
| The tables are here. | ||
| The chairs are here. | ||
| The chairs are here. | ||
| The doors are open. | ||
| The doors are open. | ||
| I have no chairs. | ||
| I have no chairs. | ||
| I have no keys. | ||
| I have no keys. | ||
Plural means more than one. The nominative plural adds -d to the singular genitive stem: , , , . A plural subject with uses , just like third-person singular.
Partitive plural after negation has several patterns: . Learn these whole with common nouns. Negative differs from positive . is a useful let us go and look phrase.
Korteris, kohvrist
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am in the flat. | ||
| I am in the flat. | ||
| I come out of the flat. | ||
| I come out of the flat. | ||
| I am in the room. | ||
| I am in the room. | ||
| I come out of the room. | ||
| I come out of the room. | ||
| Muri is under the sofa. | ||
| Muri is under the sofa. | ||
| We help now. | ||
| We help now. | ||
The inessive describes being inside and normally adds -s to the genitive stem: . The elative describes coming from inside and adds -st: .
A postposition follows a genitive noun: , . Pronoun can shorten to . Estonian present forms can describe an action happening now; no special action-in-progress ending is required.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. This is the room’s door.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. This is the room’s door.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I do not have a big room.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I do not have a big room.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I have no chairs.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I have no chairs.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Mixed person forms 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Sa eesti keelt.
You (familiar singular) speak Estonian.
Ta eesti keelt.
He/she speaks Estonian.
Me eesti keelt.
We speak Estonian.
Te eesti keelt.
You (polite/plural) speak Estonian.
Nad eesti keelt.
They speak Estonian.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the table.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a table.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the chair.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a chair.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the bed.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a bed.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the room.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a room.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the key.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a key.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Recall the person forms 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Ma eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Sa eesti keelt.
You (familiar singular) speak Estonian.
Sa eesti keelt.
You (familiar singular) speak Estonian.
Ta eesti keelt.
He/she speaks Estonian.
Ta eesti keelt.
He/she speaks Estonian.
Me eesti keelt.
We speak Estonian.
Me eesti keelt.
We speak Estonian.
Te eesti keelt.
You (polite/plural) speak Estonian.
Te eesti keelt.
You (polite/plural) speak Estonian.
Nad eesti keelt.
They speak Estonian.
Nad eesti keelt.
They speak Estonian.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the table.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the table.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a table.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a table.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the chair.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the chair.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a chair.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a chair.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the bed.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the bed.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a bed.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a bed.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the room.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the room.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a room.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a room.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the key.
Muri on kõrval.
Muri is next to the key.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a key.
Mul ei ole .
I do not have a key.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. This is the room’s door.
As Lena
I am Lena. This is the room’s door.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I do not have a big room.
As Lena
I am Lena. I do not have a big room.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I have no chairs.
As Lena
I am Lena. I have no chairs.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Muri is under the sofa.
As Lena
I am Lena. Muri is under the sofa.
I speak Estonian.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You speak Estonian, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the room’s door.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. This is the room’s door.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I do not have a big room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I do not have a big room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I have no chairs.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I have no chairs.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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