Module 7Grammar reviewPremium
Estonian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Sajab, on soe, pean
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — must | ||
| I — must | ||
| you, familiar singular — must | ||
| you, familiar singular — must | ||
| he/she — must | ||
| he/she — must | ||
| we — must | ||
| we — must | ||
| you, plural/polite — must | ||
| you, plural/polite — must | ||
| they — must | ||
| they — must | ||
Weather can use an impersonal third-person verb: , , , , , . A person’s sensation uses or .
Obligation uses plus infinitive: and . means do not have to; means may not. Early is a past-state phrase already supported by past.
Külmem kui, kõige külmem
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is colder here than in Hamburg. | ||
| It is colder here than in Hamburg. | ||
| The sea is bigger than the lake. | ||
| The sea is bigger than the lake. | ||
| It is warmer today. | ||
| It is warmer today. | ||
| This cake is better. | ||
| This cake is better. | ||
| January is the coldest month. | ||
| January is the coldest month. | ||
| You can swim in summer. | ||
| You can swim in summer. | ||
A comparative compares two things and often ends in -m. Learn the comparison form with the adjective because its stem can change: , , . In the first and third examples the genitive stem vowel changes to e before -m. Use for than: . Irregular means good/better.
A superlative can use plus comparative: , . The seasons are . Time forms are .
Liiga väike, kõige soojem
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| This is too small. | ||
| This is too small. | ||
| I look for a warm jacket. | ||
| I look for a warm jacket. | ||
| I take the warm jacket. | ||
| I take the warm jacket. | ||
| Can I try it on? | ||
| Can I try it on? | ||
| I take this one. | ||
| I take this one. | ||
| The jacket suits me. | ||
| The jacket suits me. | ||
means too: . means very. is the warmest. An adjective before a noun changes with it: .
Ask to try something with The partitive pronoun refers to a thing. For a whole choice, say ; is the genitive form. means it suits me/you familiar/you polite.
Oskan, ei oska, ei tohi
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — know how | ||
| I — know how | ||
| you, familiar singular — know how | ||
| you, familiar singular — know how | ||
| he/she — know how | ||
| he/she — know how | ||
| we — know how | ||
| we — know how | ||
| you, plural/polite — know how | ||
| you, plural/polite — know how | ||
| they — know how | ||
| they — know how | ||
A learned ability uses plus the form: , . Negative has the same stem for every person.
is a prohibition: . A rule can use , an impersonal negative chunk meaning the trumpet must not be played. Learn as the corresponding impersonal affirmative; no new person or gender is implied.
Sest, sellepärast
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I stay at home because it rains. | ||
| I stay at home because it rains. | ||
| It rains, so I stay at home. | ||
| It rains, so I stay at home. | ||
| If it rains, I take the umbrella. | ||
| If it rains, I take the umbrella. | ||
| I get wet. | ||
| I get wet. | ||
| I become ill. | ||
| I become ill. | ||
| Liis turns ten. | ||
| Liis turns ten. | ||
gives a reason: . gives a result: . A simple condition can use present : .
The translative -ks gives a resulting state: , , . Adjectives may change stems: . and are polite request chunks for the raincoat and key.
Practice 1/4 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You must sleep, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You must sleep, polite/plural.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. January is the coldest month.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. January is the coldest month.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I take this one.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I take this one.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You know how to sing, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You know how to sing, polite/plural.
Practice 2/4 · The right form
Mixed person forms 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma töötama.
I must work.
Sa töötama.
You (familiar singular) must work.
Ta töötama.
He/she must work.
Me töötama.
We must work.
Te töötama.
You (polite/plural) must work.
Nad töötama.
They must work.
Mixed person forms 2
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma laulda.
I know how to sing.
Sa laulda.
You (familiar singular) know how to sing.
Ta laulda.
He/she knows how to sing.
Me laulda.
We know how to sing.
Te laulda.
You (polite/plural) know how to sing.
Nad laulda.
They know how to sing.
Practice 3/4 · Fill the gaps
Recall the person forms 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma töötama.
I must work.
Ma töötama.
I must work.
Sa töötama.
You (familiar singular) must work.
Sa töötama.
You (familiar singular) must work.
Ta töötama.
He/she must work.
Ta töötama.
He/she must work.
Me töötama.
We must work.
Me töötama.
We must work.
Te töötama.
You (polite/plural) must work.
Te töötama.
You (polite/plural) must work.
Nad töötama.
They must work.
Nad töötama.
They must work.
Recall the person forms 2
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma laulda.
I know how to sing.
Ma laulda.
I know how to sing.
Sa laulda.
You (familiar singular) know how to sing.
Sa laulda.
You (familiar singular) know how to sing.
Ta laulda.
He/she knows how to sing.
Ta laulda.
He/she knows how to sing.
Me laulda.
We know how to sing.
Me laulda.
We know how to sing.
Te laulda.
You (polite/plural) know how to sing.
Te laulda.
You (polite/plural) know how to sing.
Nad laulda.
They know how to sing.
Nad laulda.
They know how to sing.
Practice 4/4 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You must sleep, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You must sleep, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. January is the coldest month.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. January is the coldest month.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I take this one.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I take this one.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You know how to sing, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You know how to sing, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
Unit complete
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