Module 8Grammar reviewPremium
Estonian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Pea valutab, mul on halb
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| My head hurts. | ||
| My head hurts. | ||
| My legs hurt. | ||
| My legs hurt. | ||
| I feel unwell. | ||
| I feel unwell. | ||
| I feel well. | ||
| I feel well. | ||
| I cannot come. | ||
| I cannot come. | ||
| We feel well. | ||
| We feel well. | ||
The body part can be a subject: , , . A person can be added with : . This is different from a direct-object I hurt someone pattern.
means I feel unwell. A reflexive expression is . has . means I cannot come; the second verb uses the infinitive.
Sünniaeg ja aastad
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Date of birth: the tenth of July. | ||
| Date of birth: the tenth of July. | ||
| The birthday is on the tenth of July. | ||
| The birthday is on the tenth of July. | ||
| I was born in 1995. | ||
| I was born in 1995. | ||
| Nineteen ninety-five. | ||
| Nineteen ninety-five. | ||
| In two weeks. | ||
| In two weeks. | ||
| Is it possible earlier? | ||
| Is it possible earlier? | ||
A date on a form can be . A birthday sentence instead uses . Learn as a birth-date chunk; is I was born and never changes for learner gender.
Years can be read as a chain of numbers on the form: . A span in two weeks is . means earlier. means an appointment with the doctor.
Sööge, jooge, hingake
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Mrs Tamm, eat fruit, politely. | ||
| Mrs Tamm, eat fruit, politely. | ||
| Liis, eat fruit. | ||
| Liis, eat fruit. | ||
| Mrs Tamm, drink water, politely. | ||
| Mrs Tamm, drink water, politely. | ||
| Liis, drink water. | ||
| Liis, drink water. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have been ill since Saturday. | ||
| I have to stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
| I have to stay in bed until Saturday. | ||
Common polite/plural instructions are . Familiar forms are . Negative and follow the imperative patterns already taught.
Since can be or . The terminative -ni means until: , . combines a past state and completed change; learn as completed past of .
Töötasin, lugesin
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — worked | ||
| I — worked | ||
| you, familiar singular — worked | ||
| you, familiar singular — worked | ||
| he/she — worked | ||
| he/she — worked | ||
| we — worked | ||
| we — worked | ||
| you, plural/polite — worked | ||
| you, plural/polite — worked | ||
| they — worked | ||
| they — worked | ||
A common simple-past pattern is -sin, -sid, -s, -sime, -site, -sid: . Stems may change: , .
Past negation uses plus -nud, unchanged for every person: , , . Some participles are irregular: , . English have just can simply use a completed past and : .
Kaks tabletti, kolm korda
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Once a day. | ||
| Once a day. | ||
| Three times a day. | ||
| Three times a day. | ||
| Two tablets. | ||
| Two tablets. | ||
| After a meal. | ||
| After a meal. | ||
| According to the prescription. | ||
| According to the prescription. | ||
| Jaan gave me earplugs. | ||
| Jaan gave me earplugs. | ||
Count repetitions with : , , . Medication instructions can use . The noun learning forms are .
and use partitive after the preposition. has a genitive noun before a postposition. is a completed giving event with a plural whole object; plural whole objects normally use nominative.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I cannot come.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I cannot come.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. In two weeks.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. In two weeks.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Mixed person forms 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma siin.
I worked here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) worked here.
Ta siin.
He/she worked here.
Me siin.
We worked here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) worked here.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Recall the person forms 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma siin.
I worked here.
Ma siin.
I worked here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) worked here.
Sa siin.
You (familiar singular) worked here.
Ta siin.
He/she worked here.
Ta siin.
He/she worked here.
Me siin.
We worked here.
Me siin.
We worked here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) worked here.
Te siin.
You (polite/plural) worked here.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I cannot come.
As Lena
I am Lena. I cannot come.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. In two weeks.
As Lena
I am Lena. In two weeks.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lena
I am Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lena
I am Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. According to the prescription.
As Lena
I am Lena. According to the prescription.
Date of birth: the tenth of July.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I cannot come.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I cannot come.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. In two weeks.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. In two weeks.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I have been ill since Saturday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You worked today, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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