Module 3Grammar reviewPremium
Estonian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Üks, kaks, mitu
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| One key. | ||
| One key. | ||
| Two keys. | ||
| Two keys. | ||
| Three cats. | ||
| Three cats. | ||
| Six keys. | ||
| Six keys. | ||
| How many keys do you have? | ||
| How many keys do you have? | ||
| Muri has a key. | ||
| Muri has a key. | ||
Numbers 0–10 are . After a number above one, a counted noun normally uses partitive singular: , , .
has nominative singular. asks how many and also takes partitive singular: and are polite/plural request chunks.
Tahan, soovin, sooviksin
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — want | ||
| I — want | ||
| you, familiar singular — want | ||
| you, familiar singular — want | ||
| he/she — want | ||
| he/she — want | ||
| we — want | ||
| we — want | ||
| you, plural/polite — want | ||
| you, plural/polite — want | ||
| they — want | ||
| they — want | ||
is irregular: . After it use the infinitive: , . Negative is unchanged for every person.
is a normal request. means I would like; learn this conditional courtesy form whole here. The numbers 11–20 are .
Ilma suhkruta
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Tea without sugar. | ||
| Tea without sugar. | ||
| I am without a key. | ||
| I am without a key. | ||
| Two euros. | ||
| Two euros. | ||
| Thirty cents. | ||
| Thirty cents. | ||
| The coffee costs two euros. | ||
| The coffee costs two euros. | ||
| How much does the tea cost? | ||
| How much does the tea cost? | ||
The tens are . Add the units without an and word: . Prices can be .
The abessive ending -ta means without and follows the genitive stem: , . is optional but useful: . Ask or
Kuus muna, palju kala
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| A lot of fish. | ||
| A lot of fish. | ||
| A little milk. | ||
| A little milk. | ||
| Six eggs. | ||
| Six eggs. | ||
| Nineteen apples. | ||
| Nineteen apples. | ||
| I know the number. | ||
| I know the number. | ||
| I know Jaan. | ||
| I know Jaan. | ||
An amount takes the partitive: , , , . A measure can use partitive plural for separate items: , , or partitive singular for a substance: .
means know facts: . means know a person: . It normally takes a partitive object: , .
Piimaga, juustuga
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — drink | ||
| I — drink | ||
| you, familiar singular — drink | ||
| you, familiar singular — drink | ||
| he/she — drink | ||
| he/she — drink | ||
| we — drink | ||
| we — drink | ||
| you, plural/polite — drink | ||
| you, plural/polite — drink | ||
| they — drink | ||
| they — drink | ||
The comitative ending -ga means with. Add it to the genitive stem: , , . For people say , .
Drink and eat have important infinitives: , . Present forms are and . Negation uses , . One hundred is ; a compound is .
Practice 1/4 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
. ?
I am Lukas. How many keys do you have?
As Lena
. ?
I am Lena. How many keys do you have?
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. You want coffee, polite/plural.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. You want coffee, polite/plural.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. The coffee costs two euros.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. The coffee costs two euros.
As Lukas
. .
I am Lukas. I know the number.
As Lena
. .
I am Lena. I know the number.
Practice 2/4 · The right form
Mixed person forms 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma teed.
I want tea.
Sa teed.
You (familiar singular) want tea.
Ta teed.
He/she wants tea.
Me teed.
We want tea.
Te teed.
You (polite/plural) want tea.
Nad teed.
They want tea.
Mixed person forms 2
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ma teed.
I drink tea.
Sa teed.
You (familiar singular) drink tea.
Ta teed.
He/she drinks tea.
Me teed.
We drink tea.
Te teed.
You (polite/plural) drink tea.
Nad teed.
They drink tea.
Practice 3/4 · Fill the gaps
Recall the person forms 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma teed.
I want tea.
Sa teed.
You (familiar singular) want tea.
Ta teed.
He/she wants tea.
Me teed.
We want tea.
Te teed.
You (polite/plural) want tea.
Nad teed.
They want tea.
Recall the person forms 2
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ma teed.
I drink tea.
Sa teed.
You (familiar singular) drink tea.
Ta teed.
He/she drinks tea.
Me teed.
We drink tea.
Te teed.
You (polite/plural) drink tea.
Nad teed.
They drink tea.
Practice 4/4 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. How many keys do you have?
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. How many keys do you have?
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. You want coffee, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. You want coffee, polite/plural.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. The coffee costs two euros.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. The coffee costs two euros.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am Lukas/Lena. I know the number.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am Lukas/Lena. I know the number.
You say:
Use the meaning and Estonian pattern explained in this unit.
Unit complete
