Module 2Grammar reviewPremium
Finnish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Saksasta, suomea
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am from Germany. | ||
| I am from Germany. | ||
| I am from Hamburg. | ||
| I am from Hamburg. | ||
| I speak Finnish. | ||
| I speak Finnish. | ||
| I speak German. | ||
| I speak German. | ||
| I am German. | ||
| I am German. | ||
| I am an engineer. | ||
| I am an engineer. | ||
| Slowly, please. | ||
| Slowly, please. | ||
| Once again, please. | ||
| Once again, please. | ||
asks where you are from. The from-inside ending -sta/-stä gives , . A nationality describes a person: . A profession needs no article: . Language names take partitive after speaking: , .
The alphabet is . Letter names are . Loan words and foreign names may also contain and , called and . and are distinct sounds; long sounds are written twice. and are useful whole expressions.
minulla on, minulla ei ole
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have a key. | ||
| I have a key. | ||
| You have a key. | ||
| You have a key. | ||
| He/she has a key. | ||
| He/she has a key. | ||
| We have a key. | ||
| We have a key. | ||
| You (plural) have a key. | ||
| You (plural) have a key. | ||
| They have a key. | ||
| They have a key. | ||
| I do not have a table. | ||
| I do not have a table. | ||
| There is a bed in the room. | ||
| There is a bed in the room. | ||
Finnish possession uses the on/at form of the person and : , , , , , . The verb stays singular. means I have a table. This is different from (I am).
For negative possession say . The thing you do not have uses partitive. This also works for absence: , . The location comes first in this there-is pattern. is a useful nothing expression. Learn early plural , as scene forms; productive plural partitive comes in module 6.
iso sohva, isoa sohvaa
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| The sofa is big. | ||
| The sofa is big. | ||
| The lamp is red. | ||
| The lamp is red. | ||
| I want a big sofa. | ||
| I want a big sofa. | ||
| I want a yellow sofa. | ||
| I want a yellow sofa. | ||
| The lamp is green. | ||
| The lamp is green. | ||
| Nöpö is under the sofa. | ||
| Nöpö is under the sofa. | ||
| This is a blue chair. | ||
| This is a blue chair. | ||
| The door is small. | ||
| The door is small. | ||
The sofa examples already give the noun in the partitive. Choose the adjective form that matches that noun. Later lessons compare descriptions of a whole item and an amount.
An adjective describes a noun. It normally takes the same case and number as the noun: , . The naming form is unchanged for a man or a woman. Do not add gender changes. With a single countable thing as subject, say , .
Keep useful colour forms together: keltainen → keltaista, punainen → punaista, sininen → sinistä, vihreä → vihreää, valkoinen → valkoista, musta → mustaa. Words in -nen use an -s- stem before many endings. Gradation gives pöytä → pöydän, lamppu → lampun. means under the sofa: the owner-like form comes before the place word.
tuolit, pöydän
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| These are the chairs. | ||
| These are the chairs. | ||
| These are the doors. | ||
| These are the doors. | ||
| Here is one cup. | ||
| Here is one cup. | ||
| Here are two cups. | ||
| Here are two cups. | ||
| Here are two chairs. | ||
| Here are two chairs. | ||
| The lamp is under the table. | ||
| The lamp is under the table. | ||
| Whose table is this? | ||
| Whose table is this? | ||
| It is Sanna’s. | ||
| It is Sanna’s. | ||
Plural naming forms end in -t: tuoli → tuolit, ovi → ovet, pöytä → pöydät. Some stems change, so learn the pair. The genitive ending -n also uses this stem: , . asks whose:
After a number of two or more, use singular partitive: . The form is singular even though the meaning is more than one. After , keep the basic form: . Standard ownership adds the personal ending: . Learn (now let us eat) as a whole invitation; ordinary requests come later.
autan, autat, auttaa
| Person | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I help Aino | ||
| I help Aino | ||
| You help Aino | ||
| You help Aino | ||
| He/she helps Aino | ||
| He/she helps Aino | ||
| We help Aino | ||
| We help Aino | ||
| You (plural) help Aino | ||
| You (plural) help Aino | ||
| They help Aino | ||
| They help Aino | ||
For type 1, remove final -a/-ä: auttaa → autan, with tt → t in the weak forms. Type 2 drops -da/-dä: juoda → juon. Type 3 drops the last two letters and adds -e-: mennä → menen, tulla → tulen. Type 4 changes -ta/-tä to a vowel stem: haluta → haluan.
The person endings are -n, -t, long vowel, -mme, -tte, -vat/-vät. The 3rd person singular is the form for one person or thing being talked about. In this form, type 2 keeps its existing long vowel or diphthong: ends in a diphthong and does not add another vowel. Full model sets for these frequent verbs are ; ; . With ordinary negatives use the first-person stem without -n: , , . The early scene request means come, addressed to both helpers.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the patterns
Tap the form practised in each message.
.
I am from Germany.
.
I have a key.
.
These are the chairs.
.
I help Aino.
.
I am from Hamburg.
.
You have a key.
.
These are the doors.
.
You help Aino.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the forms
Choose the right word for the gap.
Minä olen .
I am from Germany.
on avain.
I have a key.
Nämä ovat .
These are the chairs.
Minä Ainoa.
I help Aino.
Minä olen .
I am from Hamburg.
on avain.
You have a key.
Nämä ovat .
These are the doors.
Sinä Ainoa.
You help Aino.
on avain.
He/she has a key.
Haluan sohvaa.
I want a big sofa.
Mix the module patterns
Choose the right word for the gap.
Hän Ainoa.
He/she helps Aino.
on avain.
We have a key.
Haluan sohvaa.
I want a yellow sofa.
Tässä on kaksi .
Here are two cups.
Me Ainoa.
We help Aino.
on avain.
You (plural) have a key.
Tässä on kaksi .
Here are two chairs.
Te Ainoa.
You (plural) help Aino.
on avain.
They have a key.
Nöpö on sohvan .
Nöpö is under the sofa.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
on avain.
He/she has a key.
Haluan sohvaa.
I want a big sofa.
Hän Ainoa.
He/she helps Aino.
on avain.
We have a key.
Haluan sohvaa.
I want a yellow sofa.
Tässä on kaksi .
Here are two cups.
Me Ainoa.
We help Aino.
on avain.
You (plural) have a key.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I am from Germany.
I have a key.
These are the chairs.
I help Aino.
I am from Hamburg.
You have a key.
These are the doors.
You help Aino.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
Here are two chairs.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Here are two chairs.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
You (plural) help Aino.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
You (plural) help Aino.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
They have a key.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
They have a key.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Nöpö is under the sofa.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Nöpö is under the sofa.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The lamp is under the table.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The lamp is under the table.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
They help Aino.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
They help Aino.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
It is Sanna’s.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
It is Sanna’s.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The sofa is big.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The sofa is big.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect the messages
Match the pairs.

Unit complete
