Module 4Grammar reviewPremium
Finnish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
poikani, tyttäreni
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am thirty years old. | ||
| I am thirty years old. | ||
| The baby is six months old. | ||
| The baby is six months old. | ||
| This is my son. | ||
| This is my son. | ||
| This is your daughter. | ||
| This is your daughter. | ||
| I have a younger brother. | ||
| I have a younger brother. | ||
| I have a sister. | ||
| I have a sister. | ||
| My mother and father are my parents. | ||
| My mother and father are my parents. | ||
| She is Ella’s grandmother. | ||
| She is Ella’s grandmother. | ||
Age uses , not a have expression: , or . Months use . Learn family pairs and their stems: poika → pojan, tytär → tyttären, veli → veljen, sisko → siskon.
Ownership endings attach to the noun stem: , , . The whole family set includes . and specify younger brother and older sister. Learn as an early past expression; the full past of comes in scene 4.5.
kymmenes heinäkuuta
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| My birthday is 10 July. | ||
| My birthday is 10 July. | ||
| Ella’s birthday is 28 March. | ||
| Ella’s birthday is 28 March. | ||
| It is cold in January. | ||
| It is cold in January. | ||
| It is summer in July. | ||
| It is summer in July. | ||
| This is the first page. | ||
| This is the first page. | ||
| This is the second page. | ||
| This is the second page. | ||
| This is the third page. | ||
| This is the third page. | ||
| The tenth of July. | ||
| The tenth of July. | ||
All months are . In a month use -ssa: . Write month names with a small initial letter. means I was born; learn it as a complete personal-detail expression now.
Dates use an ordinal for the day and partitive for the month: . An ordinal puts things in order: , , , , , , , , , . Longer dates combine ordinal parts: . is a date statement. In a time expression, means on 10 July. The course uses whole date expressions before expecting new ordinal case forms.
ruskeat silmät, mustat hiukset
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| He/she has brown eyes. | ||
| He/she has brown eyes. | ||
| He/she has black hair. | ||
| He/she has black hair. | ||
| He/she is tall. | ||
| He/she is tall. | ||
| The hair is long. | ||
| The hair is long. | ||
| He/she has short hair. | ||
| He/she has short hair. | ||
| What is the town like? | ||
| What is the town like? | ||
| What are the neighbours like? | ||
| What are the neighbours like? | ||
| He/she has glasses. | ||
| He/she has glasses. | ||
An adjective agrees with plural nouns: , , . With one countable person as subject say , . There is no male/female adjective distinction.
Appearance often uses possession: . Complete the colours: , , , , , , , . The plural examples pitkä → pitkät, lyhyt → lyhyet show stem changes. asks what one person or thing is like; asks about more than one.
sinulle, nämä, nuo
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| A present for you. | ||
| A present for you. | ||
| A present for me. | ||
| A present for me. | ||
| A present for Ella. | ||
| A present for Ella. | ||
| A present for us. | ||
| A present for us. | ||
| This book is small. | ||
| This book is small. | ||
| These books are small. | ||
| These books are small. | ||
| Those books are over there. | ||
| Those books are over there. | ||
| Ella likes it. | ||
| Ella likes it. | ||
The to-person ending is -lle: , , , , , , , . means a present for you. The allative names movement to an outside place or a recipient. It has the same ending with back and front vowels.
Point with singular , , or plural , , . They do not change with gender. , . A plural subject uses a plural verb: . means I like it; is the from-it form used with liking.
olin, olit, oli
| Person | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I was here | ||
| I was here | ||
| You were here | ||
| You were here | ||
| He/she was here | ||
| He/she was here | ||
| We were here | ||
| We were here | ||
| You (plural) were here | ||
| You (plural) were here | ||
| They were here | ||
| They were here | ||
The past tense of is , , , , , . It describes an earlier state: . In the negative, singular uses , , ; plural uses , , .
and are useful married/not married expressions. (I was born) is a fixed personal-detail expression; its internal experience form is explained in module 10. You can now use it with the birthdays already learned, without producing new verb forms.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the patterns
Tap the form practised in each message.
.
A present for you.
.
I was here.
.
A present for me.
.
You were here.
.
It is cold in January.
.
A present for Ella.
.
It is summer in July.
.
A present for us.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the forms
Choose the right word for the gap.
Lahja .
A present for you.
Minä täällä.
I was here.
Lahja .
A present for me.
Sinä täällä.
You were here.
On kylmä .
It is cold in January.
Lahja .
A present for Ella.
On kesä .
It is summer in July.
Lahja .
A present for us.
Me täällä.
We were here.
Te täällä.
You (plural) were here.
Mix the module patterns
Choose the right word for the gap.
He täällä.
They were here.
Olen kolmekymmentä .
I am thirty years old.
Syntymäpäiväni on kymmenes .
My birthday is 10 July.
Hänellä on ruskeat .
He/she has brown eyes.
Vauva on kuusi .
The baby is six months old.
Ellan syntymäpäivä on kahdeskymmeneskahdeksas .
Ella’s birthday is 28 March.
Hänellä on mustat .
He/she has black hair.
Tämä on minun .
This is my son.
Hän on .
He/she is tall.
Hän täällä.
He/she was here.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Me täällä.
We were here.
Me täällä.
We were here.
Te täällä.
You (plural) were here.
Te täällä.
You (plural) were here.
He täällä.
They were here.
He täällä.
They were here.
Olen kolmekymmentä .
I am thirty years old.
Olen kolmekymmentä .
I am thirty years old.
Syntymäpäiväni on kymmenes .
My birthday is 10 July.
Syntymäpäiväni on kymmenes .
My birthday is 10 July.
Hänellä on ruskeat .
He/she has brown eyes.
Hänellä on ruskeat .
He/she has brown eyes.
Vauva on kuusi .
The baby is six months old.
Vauva on kuusi .
The baby is six months old.
Ellan syntymäpäivä on kahdeskymmeneskahdeksas .
Ella’s birthday is 28 March.
Ellan syntymäpäivä on kahdeskymmeneskahdeksas .
Ella’s birthday is 28 March.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
I was here.
You were here.
It is cold in January.
It is summer in July.
We were here.
You (plural) were here.
They were here.
I am thirty years old.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
He/she has black hair.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she has black hair.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is my son.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is my son.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she is tall.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she is tall.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she was here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she was here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is your daughter.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is your daughter.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The hair is long.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The hair is long.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
I have a younger brother.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
I have a younger brother.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is the first page.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
This is the first page.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect the messages
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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