Module 7Grammar reviewPremium

Finnish in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

sataa, minun täytyy

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		It is raining outside.
It is raining outside.
		It is windy outside.
It is windy outside.
		The sun is shining.
The sun is shining.
		I must go.
I must go.
		You must go.
You must go.
		We must go.
We must go.
		I must take an umbrella.
I must take an umbrella.
		Tomorrow it will be cold.
Tomorrow it will be cold.

Weather expressions often have no personal subject: , , . For a general temperature say , , or . Learn these complete weather patterns.

Necessity uses a genitive person and a fixed verb: , , , , , . The next verb is an infinitive: . There is no person ending on . Keep early and for past states; full weather-event past comes in module 9.

kylmempi kuin, lämpimämpää

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		The lake is colder than the sea.
The lake is colder than the sea.
		The sea is bigger than the lake.
The sea is bigger than the lake.
		It is colder here than in Hamburg.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
		It is cold in winter.
It is cold in winter.
		One bag is better.
One bag is better.
		It is warmer in Hamburg.
It is warmer in Hamburg.
		In summer it is twenty degrees.
In summer it is twenty degrees.
		This lake is as big as that one.
This lake is as big as that one.

A comparative compares two things. The common ending is -mpi: kylmä → kylmempi, pieni → pienempi, iso → isompi, lämmin → lämpimämpi. introduces the comparison: . Hyvä → parempi is irregular.

For general weather use partitive comparison forms: , . For equal degree, use : . All seasons are , with time expressions . Temperatures use , .

liian pieni, pienin

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Form	Example	Meaning
		The jacket is too small.
The jacket is too small.
		This is the smallest jacket.
This is the smallest jacket.
		This is the biggest jacket.
This is the biggest jacket.
		This is the cheapest jacket.
This is the cheapest jacket.
		This is the best jacket.
This is the best jacket.
		I am looking for a jacket.
I am looking for a jacket.
		I take the jacket.
I take the jacket.
		The jacket costs one hundred and forty euros.
The jacket costs one hundred and forty euros.

means too small; means big enough. For the highest degree, the superlative often has -in: pieni → pienin, iso → isoin, halpa → halvin. Hyvä → paras is irregular. Learn the common stem changes together.

Clothes include . Some are normally plural: , . A single complete purchase uses ; searching uses partitive . Hundreds join the amount: , , ; is €140. is a useful permission request.

osaan, osaat, osaa

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person	Form	Meaning
		I know how to sing
I know how to sing
		You know how to sing
You know how to sing
		He/she knows how to sing
He/she knows how to sing
		We know how to sing
We know how to sing
		You (plural) know how to sing
You (plural) know how to sing
		They know how to sing
They know how to sing

is a type 4 verb: . It describes a learned skill and takes an infinitive: , . describes possibility: .

gives a reason: . The same simple word order works on both sides. works like : a genitive person plus fixed and an infinitive. Learn (must not) for prohibition, not .

ei tarvitse, ei saa

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		You do not need to come.
You do not need to come.
		I do not need to go.
I do not need to go.
		You must not come.
You must not come.
		You (plural) must not come.
You (plural) must not come.
		Put the jacket on (singular).
Put the jacket on (singular).
		Keep the key (singular).
Keep the key (singular).
		The key is in the pocket.
The key is in the pocket.
		Take the key (singular).
Take the key (singular).

means you do not need to come. The person stays genitive, and the next verb is an infinitive. means you must not come: changes with the person in an ordinary negative pattern.

Use to put on a jacket and to keep the key. These request stems have changes: pukea → pue, pitää → pidä. Recycle ownership and location: , . A complete singular request object often has the naming form, not -n: , .

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the patterns

Tap the form practised in each message.

.
I know how to sing.
.
You know how to sing.
.
He/she knows how to sing.
.
We know how to sing.
.
You (plural) know how to sing.
.
They know how to sing.
.
The key is in the pocket.
.
It is raining outside.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the forms

Choose the right word for the gap.

Minä laulaa.
I know how to sing.
Sinä laulaa.
You know how to sing.
Hän laulaa.
He/she knows how to sing.
Me laulaa.
We know how to sing.
Te laulaa.
You (plural) know how to sing.
He laulaa.
They know how to sing.
Avain on .
The key is in the pocket.
Ulkona .
It is raining outside.
Järvi on kuin meri.
The lake is colder than the sea.
Takki on liian .
The jacket is too small.

Mix the module patterns

Choose the right word for the gap.

Sinun ei tulla.
You do not need to come.
Ulkona .
It is windy outside.
Meri on kuin järvi.
The sea is bigger than the lake.
Tämä on takki.
This is the smallest jacket.
Minun ei tarvitse .
I do not need to go.
Aurinko .
The sun is shining.
Täällä on kuin Hampurissa.
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
Tämä on takki.
This is the biggest jacket.
Et tulla.
You must not come.
Minun mennä.
I must go.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete the messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Järvi on kuin meri.
The lake is colder than the sea.
Takki on liian .
The jacket is too small.
Sinun ei tulla.
You do not need to come.
Ulkona .
It is windy outside.
Meri on kuin järvi.
The sea is bigger than the lake.
Tämä on takki.
This is the smallest jacket.
Minun ei tarvitse .
I do not need to go.
Aurinko .
The sun is shining.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

I know how to sing.
You know how to sing.
He/she knows how to sing.
We know how to sing.
You (plural) know how to sing.
They know how to sing.
The key is in the pocket.
The lake is colder than the sea.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

It is colder here than in Hamburg.
You say:
It is colder here than in Hamburg.
You say:
This is the biggest jacket.
You say:
This is the biggest jacket.
You say:
You must not come.
You say:
You must not come.
You say:
I must go.
You say:
I must go.
You say:
It is cold in winter.
You say:
It is cold in winter.
You say:
This is the cheapest jacket.
You say:
This is the cheapest jacket.
You say:
You must go.
You say:
You must go.
You say:
One bag is better.
You say:
One bag is better.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect the messages

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Finnish in everyday situations

7exercises

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