Module 9Grammar reviewPremium
Finnish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
huomenna autan, eilen autoin
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Tomorrow I will help. | ||
| Tomorrow I will help. | ||
| Yesterday I helped. | ||
| Yesterday I helped. | ||
| Yesterday he/she played. | ||
| Yesterday he/she played. | ||
| Yesterday we played. | ||
| Yesterday we played. | ||
| Tonight I will play. | ||
| Tonight I will play. | ||
| Ten minutes ago. | ||
| Ten minutes ago. | ||
| I lived in Hamburg. | ||
| I lived in Hamburg. | ||
| I did not help yesterday. | ||
| I did not help yesterday. | ||
A later-time word makes a present form a plan: , . Finnish has no special future tense ending. means ten minutes ago.
Many past forms add : auttaa → autoin, soittaa → soitin, asua → asuin. The stem can change, so learn the past alongside the present: , . and are useful result expressions heard here; experience forms are practised fully in module 10.
näin, näit, näki
| Person | Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I saw Nöpö | ||
| I saw Nöpö | ||
| You saw Nöpö | ||
| You saw Nöpö | ||
| He/she saw Nöpö | ||
| He/she saw Nöpö | ||
| We saw Nöpö | ||
| We saw Nöpö | ||
| You (plural) saw Nöpö | ||
| You (plural) saw Nöpö | ||
| They saw Nöpö | ||
| They saw Nöpö | ||
The simple past of seeing is . Hearing is . Common movement forms are and .
Negative singular forms include , , , . Plural forms are , , , . means I saw nothing; negation uses partitive . and mark past time.
ensin, sitten, lopuksi
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| First the concert began. | ||
| First the concert began. | ||
| Then the lights went out. | ||
| Then the lights went out. | ||
| The concert began yesterday. | ||
| The concert began yesterday. | ||
| The lights went out yesterday. | ||
| The lights went out yesterday. | ||
| I wanted to go home. | ||
| I wanted to go home. | ||
| You wanted to go home. | ||
| You wanted to go home. | ||
| We wanted to go home. | ||
| We wanted to go home. | ||
| I screamed yesterday. | ||
| I screamed yesterday. | ||
Use , , for first, then and finally. Finnish past verbs keep the ordinary word order: , . You do not need a different past form for every kind of event.
Some type 1 stems change to before past : alkaa → alkoi, auttaa → autoin. Many type 4 verbs have -si- in the past: haluta → halusin, halusit, halusi, halusimme, halusitte, halusivat. Keep common pairs , : some first-person present and past forms look identical, so time context matters.
nukuin, suljin, kuulimme
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I slept yesterday. | ||
| I slept yesterday. | ||
| You slept yesterday. | ||
| You slept yesterday. | ||
| He/she slept yesterday. | ||
| He/she slept yesterday. | ||
| We heard the trumpet. | ||
| We heard the trumpet. | ||
| They heard the trumpet. | ||
| They heard the trumpet. | ||
| I did not hear a trumpet. | ||
| I did not hear a trumpet. | ||
| They did not hear a trumpet. | ||
| They did not hear a trumpet. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
Finnish uses the same simple past for a past habit, a state or an event: , , . Use time words for the meaning: , , . There is no separate English-style continuous past to learn here.
Keep subject number clear: , ; negatives , . The plural negative participle does not take a personal ending. means only: .
kuvan, kuvaa, kuvat
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I will send the whole photo tomorrow. | ||
| I will send the whole photo tomorrow. | ||
| I do not send a photo. | ||
| I do not send a photo. | ||
| I am looking at a photo. | ||
| I am looking at a photo. | ||
| I send all the photos. | ||
| I send all the photos. | ||
| Send the photo, please (singular). | ||
| Send the photo, please (singular). | ||
| I send the photo to Anna. | ||
| I send the photo to Anna. | ||
| Dear Anna! | ||
| Dear Anna! | ||
| Tomorrow I will send the photo. | ||
| Tomorrow I will send the photo. | ||
An ongoing or negative action takes a partitive object: , . A complete single object often has genitive -n: . The whole plural uses nominative plural: . A singular request can also use nominative: .
For a short letter, starts a personal message. Use simple past for completed news and present with a future word for plans: , . Personal recipients use -lle: . Learn the contrast through meaning, not from the English word a or the.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the patterns
Tap the form practised in each message.
.
I saw Nöpö.
.
You saw Nöpö.
.
We saw Nöpö.
.
You (plural) saw Nöpö.
.
They saw Nöpö.
.
I send the photo to Anna.
.
I lived in Hamburg.
.
Tomorrow I will help.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the forms
Choose the right word for the gap.
Minä Nöpön.
I saw Nöpö.
Sinä Nöpön.
You saw Nöpö.
Me Nöpön.
We saw Nöpö.
Te Nöpön.
You (plural) saw Nöpö.
He Nöpön.
They saw Nöpö.
Lähetän kuvan .
I send the photo to Anna.
Asuin .
I lived in Hamburg.
Huomenna minä .
Tomorrow I will help.
konsertti alkoi.
First the concert began.
Minä eilen.
I slept yesterday.
Mix the module patterns
Choose the right word for the gap.
Lähetän huomenna.
I will send the whole photo tomorrow.
Eilen minä .
Yesterday I helped.
valot sammuivat.
Then the lights went out.
Sinä eilen.
You slept yesterday.
En lähetä .
I do not send a photo.
Eilen hän .
Yesterday he/she played.
Hän Nöpön.
He/she saw Nöpö.
Konsertti eilen.
The concert began yesterday.
Hän eilen.
He/she slept yesterday.
Eilen me .
Yesterday we played.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
konsertti alkoi.
First the concert began.
Minä eilen.
I slept yesterday.
Lähetän huomenna.
I will send the whole photo tomorrow.
Eilen minä .
Yesterday I helped.
valot sammuivat.
Then the lights went out.
Sinä eilen.
You slept yesterday.
En lähetä .
I do not send a photo.
Eilen hän .
Yesterday he/she played.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I saw Nöpö.
You saw Nöpö.
We saw Nöpö.
You (plural) saw Nöpö.
They saw Nöpö.
I send the photo to Anna.
Tomorrow I will help.
First the concert began.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
He/she saw Nöpö.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she saw Nöpö.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The concert began yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The concert began yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she slept yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
He/she slept yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Yesterday we played.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Yesterday we played.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The lights went out yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
The lights went out yesterday.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
We heard the trumpet.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
We heard the trumpet.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
I send all the photos.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
I send all the photos.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Tonight I will play.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Tonight I will play.
You say:
Use the meaning and Finnish form.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect the messages
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
