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Georgian script reference

Look up a sign or check a rule while you read. Use the numbered units to learn step by step.

Every consonant uses the same labelled ა carrier. Contrast sets are recorded together: voiced, aspirated, ejective. Apostrophes in the temporary reading hints mark ejectives, not English-style unaspirated stops.

Alphabet shelf · open whenever you need a reminder
ა
i

a

ე
i

e

ი
i

i

მIn მა
i

ma

ლIn ლა
i

la

ო
i

o

უ
i

u

ნIn ნა
i

na

რIn რა
i

ra

სIn სა
i

sa

ვIn ვა
i

va

ბvoiced b: throat buzzesIn ბა
i

ba. Voiced b.

ფaspirated p: a puff of airIn ფა
i

pa (aspirated). Aspirated p: a puff, not f.

პejective p: tight, poppedIn პა
i

p’a. Ejective p; the apostrophe in the hint marks its release.

დvoiced d: throat buzzesIn და
i

da

თaspirated t: a puff of airIn თა
i

ta (aspirated). Aspirated t, not English th.

ტejective t: tight, poppedIn ტა
i

t’a. Ejective t.

გvoiced g: throat buzzesIn გა
i

ga

ქaspirated k: a puff of airIn ქა
i

ka (aspirated)

კejective k: tight, poppedIn კა
i

k’a

ძvoiced dz, as in “beds”In ძა
i

dza

ცaspirated ts: a puff of airIn ცა
i

tsa (aspirated)

წejective ts: tight, poppedIn წა
i

ts’a

ჯvoiced j, as in “jam”In ჯა
i

ja

ჩaspirated ch: a puff of airIn ჩა
i

cha (aspirated)

ჭejective ch: tight, poppedIn ჭა
i

ch’a

ყejective q: deep, poppedIn ყა
i

q’a. Uvular ejective, made farther back than კ.

ხkh, as in German “Bach”In ხა
i

kha. Voiceless back friction, like ch in German Bach.

ღgh: like kh with a buzzIn ღა
i

gha. Voiced back friction, not a stop g.

ზIn ზა
i

za

ჟIn ჟა
i

zha

შIn შა
i

sha

ჰIn ჰა
i

ha

Recognise the Mtavruli heading style

MkhedruliMtavruli
ყავაᲧᲐᲕᲐ
პურიᲞᲣᲠᲘ
ჩაიᲩᲐᲘ
Practise in Unit 21 →

Read a café menu

მენიუფასი
ყავა6 ₾
ჩაი4 ₾
წყალი2 ₾
პური3 ₾
ხაჭაპური12 ₾
Practise in Unit 26 →
More listening and background

Georgian · left to right · reading and optional typing