LernLaterne

Welcome back

Unit 13 · Review: b/p, d/t and g/k families · Meet

Review: b/p, d/t and g/k families

Mix three consonant families without losing their contrasts.

About this unit

No new letters: mix the three families and keep their sounds apart.

ბvoiced b: throat buzzes
ფaspirated p: a puff of air
პejective p: tight, popped
დvoiced d: throat buzzes
თaspirated t: a puff of air
ტejective t: tight, popped
გvoiced g: throat buzzes
ქaspirated k: a puff of air
კejective k: tight, popped
კk’a
პp’a

Same hooked shape: კ reaches below the line, პ rises above it.

Words to read

Tap a card and listen. Try saying it too.

bread

პური

breadp’uri
cow

ფური

cowpuri
mother

დედა

motherdeda

თმა

hairtma
door

კარი

doork’ari
wind

ქარი

windkari
Reading tips

Return to the common carrier if two sounds merge in your ear. The word’s meaning and printed spelling then help consolidate the contrast.

Reading practice

Find the different sound

Listen to three labelled practice syllables. Which clip sounds different?

Clip 1
Clip 2
Clip 3

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

პური

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

დედა

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

bread

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

cow

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

mother

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Mix three consonant families without losing their contrasts.

Next unit
bread

პური

bread
cow

ფური

cow
mother

დედა

mother

თმა

hair
door

კარი

door
wind

ქარი

wind
Use a Georgian keyboard

The guided course has on-screen letters in logical order. A Georgian keyboard, often with a phonetic Latin-key mapping, is optional. Names and sentences use ordinary Mkhedruli, not a capital first letter. Mtavruli is an all-capital style for whole headings.

All letters

ა
i

a

ე
i

e

ი
i

i

მIn მა
i

ma

ლIn ლა
i

la

ო
i

o

უ
i

u

ნIn ნა
i

na

რIn რა
i

ra

სIn სა
i

sa

ვIn ვა
i

va

ბvoiced b: throat buzzesIn ბა
i

ba. Voiced b.

ფaspirated p: a puff of airIn ფა
i

pa (aspirated). Aspirated p: a puff, not f.

პejective p: tight, poppedIn პა
i

p’a. Ejective p; the apostrophe in the hint marks its release.

დvoiced d: throat buzzesIn და
i

da

თaspirated t: a puff of airIn თა
i

ta (aspirated). Aspirated t, not English th.

ტejective t: tight, poppedIn ტა
i

t’a. Ejective t.

გvoiced g: throat buzzesIn გა
i

ga

ქaspirated k: a puff of airIn ქა
i

ka (aspirated)

კejective k: tight, poppedIn კა
i

k’a

ძvoiced dz, as in “beds”In ძა
i

dza

ცaspirated ts: a puff of airIn ცა
i

tsa (aspirated)

წejective ts: tight, poppedIn წა
i

ts’a

ჯvoiced j, as in “jam”In ჯა
i

ja

ჩaspirated ch: a puff of airIn ჩა
i

cha (aspirated)

ჭejective ch: tight, poppedIn ჭა
i

ch’a

ყejective q: deep, poppedIn ყა
i

q’a. Uvular ejective, made farther back than კ.

ხkh, as in German “Bach”In ხა
i

kha. Voiceless back friction, like ch in German Bach.

ღgh: like kh with a buzzIn ღა
i

gha. Voiced back friction, not a stop g.

ზIn ზა
i

za

ჟIn ჟა
i

zha

შIn შა
i

sha

ჰIn ჰა
i

ha