Connectors und, aber, oder, denn

A1

Connectors und, aber, oder, denn: with them you join two statements into fluent sentences without changing word order. That makes your German sound more connected and natural.

  • Coordinating conjunctions (und, aber, oder, denn)

Explanation

With connectors you join two clauses. There is usually a comma before them. The verb stays in position 2 in both parts.

The most important connectors:

  1. und — you add something (addition): Ich trinke Kaffee und ich esse ein Brötchen.
  2. aber — you express a contrast: Das Wetter ist schön, aber es ist kalt.
  3. oder — you name an alternative: Möchtest du Tee oder Kaffee?
  4. denn — you give a reason: Ich bin müde, denn ich habe wenig geschlafen.
More
The four connectors und, aber, oder, and denn join two main clauses — the verb stays in position 2 in both. But there are other connectors like weil (same meaning as denn), dass, or wenn. After these connectors the verb goes to the end: Ich bin müde, weil ich wenig geschlafen habe. That is not part of this unit; there is a separate unit for that.
ConnectorMeaningExample
undandAnna kauft Brot und Milch.
aberbutIch mag Pizza, aber ich esse Salat.
oderorGehen wir ins Kino oder nach Hause?
dennfor, becauseEr lernt Deutsch, denn er wohnt in Berlin.

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Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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