Impersonal es and es as a placeholder

B1

Es regnet. Es gibt einen Park. Impersonal es appears with the weather, in fixed expressions and as a placeholder — here you learn when it is needed.

  • Impersonal 'es' constructions
  • 'es' as placeholder / correlative

Impersonal es

Some sentences need a subject, but there is no person acting. Then es stands as an impersonal subject. This es does not refer to a specific thing — it is simply there so the sentence has a subject.

You need es especially in three groups:

  1. Weatheres plus a weather verb: Es regnet. Es schneit. Es ist kalt.
  2. Wellbeinges with a person in the dative: Es geht mir gut. Es ist mir kalt.
  3. Fixed expressionses gibt and es geht um: Es gibt einen Park. In dem Film geht es um einen Hund.

The es usually stands in position 1. If the sentence starts with something else, es moves behind the verb: Heute regnet es. Mir geht es gut.

GroupExample
weatherEs regnet seit Stunden.
StateEs geht mir heute gut.
fixed expressionEs gibt hier ein Café.
fixed expressionIn dem Buch geht es um eine Reise.

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Weather or fixed expression?

es as placeholder and correlate

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Which word announces the subordinate clause?

Put sentences in order

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Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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