Konjunktiv II: past and modal verbs

B2

Ich hätte kommen können. With Konjunktiv II of the past you express regret, missed opportunities and hypotheses about earlier events — including the modal verb forms.

  • Subjunctive II, past (hätte/wäre + past participle)
  • Subjunctive II of modal verbs

hätte / wäre + Partizip II

With Konjunktiv II of the past you talk about something unreal in the past: it didn't happen, but you imagine it.

You form it with hätte or wäre and the Partizip II: the finite hätte/wäre stands in position 2, the Partizip II at the end of the sentence.

The two parts form a verb bracket: Ich hätte das anders gemacht. Wir wären früher gekommen.

Whether you use hätte or wäre depends on the verb — as in the Perfekt: haben-verbs take hätte, movement and change-of-state verbs take wäre: Ich hätte geschlafen. Ich wäre gegangen.

Auxiliary verbSubjunctive IIExample
habenhätte … gemachtIch hätte das anders gemacht.
seinwäre … gekommenWir wären früher gekommen.
seinwäre … gebliebenIch wäre lieber zu Hause geblieben.

Find words

hätte or wäre?

hätte + Doppelinfinitiv (Modalverben)

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Which modal verb fits?

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Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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