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Passive voice: simple past and with modal verbs

B2

Das Haus wurde gebaut. Das Auto muss repariert werden. Here you extend the passive with the simple past and combinations with modal verbs – common in reports, regulations, and factual texts.

  • Passive voice, simple past
  • Modal passive (Das muss gemacht werden.)

Passive in the simple past

In the passive voice, what matters is what happens — not who does it. The person acting moves into the background.

The passive in the simple past describes the past. It forms a verb bracket from two parts:

  1. The auxiliary verb werden is in the simple past in position 2: wurde (singular) or wurden (plural).
  2. The past participle goes at the end of the sentence.

Look at the bracket: Das Haus wurde gebaut. Die Häuser wurden gebaut.

You can name who does something with von + dative — but that is optional: Das Haus wurde von Arbeitern gebaut.

werden (simple past)Past participleVerb-bracket example
wurdegebautDas Haus wurde 1920 gebaut.
wurderepariertDas Auto wurde in der Werkstatt repariert.
wurdengebautDie Häuser wurden schnell gebaut.
wurdegeschriebenDer Brief wurde von der Chefin geschrieben.

Find words

Which form of werden fits?

Passive with a modal verb

Find words

How does passive with a modal verb end?

Put sentences in order

Fill in the blanks

Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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