Perfect tense

A2

The perfect tense is the past form you need most in conversation: Ich habe gegessen., Ich bin gefahren.. You learn when to use haben or sein and how the past participle goes to the end of the sentence.

  • Present perfect with 'haben'
  • Present perfect with 'sein'
  • Verb bracket in the present perfect

Explanation

The perfect tense is the most common past tense in spoken German.

It forms a verb bracket from two parts:

  1. The auxiliary verb haben or sein is in position 2.
  2. The past participle is at the end of the sentence.

Look at the bracket: Ich habe gestern viel gelernt. Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.

Most verbs take haben. Verbs of movement (gehen, fahren, kommen) and of change of state (aufwachen) take sein: Sie ist nach Spanien geflogen.

AuxiliaryPast participleVerb-bracket example
habengelerntIch habe gestern viel gelernt.
habengegessenEr hat eine Pizza gegessen.
seingegangenWir sind nach Hause gegangen.
seingeflogenSie ist nach Spanien geflogen.

Find words

Which auxiliary fits?

Which past participle fits?

Put sentences in order

Fill in the blanks

Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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