Pluperfect

B1

The pluperfect shows what had happened before another point in the past: Ich hatte schon gegessen, als sie kam. Important for making the order of events clear in stories — often with nachdem.

  • Past perfect

Explanation

The pluperfect is the past perfect. You use it when one event happened before another event in the past.

It forms a verb bracket from two parts:

  1. The auxiliary verb hatte or war goes in position 2.
  2. The past participle goes at the end of the sentence.

The auxiliary verb is in the simple past: haben becomes hatte, sein becomes war: Ich hatte das Buch schon gelesen. Sie war früh aufgestanden.

Which auxiliary verb you use works like in the perfect: most verbs take hatte. Verbs of movement (gehen, fahren, kommen) and change of state (aufwachen) take war: Er war nach Hause gegangen.

The word nachdem often shows prior time: Nachdem er gegessen hatte, ging er ins Bett. Eating first, then bed.

Auxiliary verbPast participleVerb bracket example
hattegelerntIch hatte lange gelernt.
hattegegessenEr hatte schon gegessen.
wargegangenWir waren nach Hause gegangen.
waraufgestandenSie war früh aufgestanden.

Find words

Which auxiliary verb fits?

Which past participle fits?

Put sentences in order

Fill in the blanks

Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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