Purpose clauses: damit and um … zu

B1

Ich lerne Deutsch, um in Wien zu studieren. or Ich spreche laut, damit alle mich hören. With purpose clauses you state purpose and intention — important for explaining goals and motives.

  • Purpose clauses (damit, um … zu)

Explanation

A purpose clause states a purpose or goal — it answers the question Wozu?

There are two options. Which one you use depends on the subject:

  1. damit — with different subjects: The verb goes at the end: Ich erkläre es, damit du es verstehst.
  2. um … zu — with the same subject: You use um and zu + infinitive: Ich lerne, um die Prüfung zu bestehen.

Compare: In the damit clause, the subordinate clause has its own subject and a verb at the end. With um … zu, there is no subject — only zu + infinitive at the end.

StructureConditionExample
damitdifferent subjectsIch erkläre es, damit du es verstehst.
damitdifferent subjectsIch spreche laut, damit alle mich hören.
um … zusame subjectIch lerne, um die Prüfung zu bestehen.
um … zusame subjectWir sparen Geld, um ein Auto zu kaufen.

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