Subjective modal verbs and Futur II

B2

Er müsste schon da sein. Sie wird es vergessen haben. Modal verbs can also express assumptions, and Futur II guesses about completed events – so you can nuance certainty and probability.

  • Modal verbs in epistemic use
  • Future II (epistemic past assumption)

Subjective modal verbs

A modal verb can also show how certain you are. That is the subjective meaning — you give an assumption.

The modal verb is in position 2, the infinitive at the end of the sentence: Er muss krank sein.

How certain you are depends on the modal verb:

  1. muss — you are almost certain: Er muss krank sein.
  2. dürfte and müsste — something is probable: Sie dürfte zu Hause sein. Das müsste stimmen.
  3. könnte and kann — something is possible: Er könnte recht haben.
More
With soll you repeat what others say: Er soll sehr reich sein. With will someone states something about themselves: Sie will alles gesehen haben.
Modal verbCertaintyExample
mussfast sicherEr muss krank sein.
dürftewahrscheinlichSie dürfte zu Hause sein.
müsstewahrscheinlichDas müsste stimmen.
könntemöglichEr könnte recht haben.

Find words

How certain is the assumption?

Futur II

Find words

haben or sein?

Put sentences in order

Fill in the blanks

Grammar in context

Read these texts to consolidate what you learned. They fit this grammar lesson especially well.

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