Module 9Grammar reviewPremium
Hindi in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
करूँगा · करेगी · करेंगे
Future endings mark person, gender and number. A male speaker says , a female . and respectful follow the person involved.
Common verbs change their stem: जाना → जाऊँगा/जाऊँगी, आना → आऊँगा/आऊँगी, होना → होगा/होगी. Learn useful full forms first. is we will go for a male/mixed group; women can use .
Use a time phrase to make plans clear: , , . is a simple future refusal, not a different negative tense.
| Subject | Do in the future |
|---|---|
| (male/female) | |
| (male/female) | |
| (male/female) | |
| (mixed/female group) |
मैं गया · मैंने देखा
Finished intransitive actions normally agree with the subject: , , . The completed form of is irregular , and gives .
With many transitive verbs in the perfective, use subject plus : , . The verb then agrees with an unmarked direct object: masculine केक → देखा, feminine कॉफ़ी → बनाई.
If the object is marked with , the verb normally defaults to masculine singular: . Do not add to all past verbs. is the same for a male or female learner because no longer controls agreement.
हुआ · गिरा · चीखा
Short completed events can stand without an auxiliary: , , . A female speaker says . Time phrases make a sequence easy to follow.
Compare a state with event . The state uses past be, while the finished verb records a change. links the next event.
Negate a past event with : . For a past state use . Some everyday perfective verbs such as , , need to be learned with their actual pattern, not an invented universal ending.
सो रही थीं · आँखें बंद कीं
Past progressive uses plus : . It describes an action in progress at a past moment; respectful feminine suits Kamala.
Contrast (I closed my eyes) with (I was sleeping, female). is feminine plural, so a perfective with unmarked object has .
A negated perception stays simple: . means nobody saw it. Past report questions can be , , avoiding complex long questions.
फ़ोटो लीं · मैं लिखूँगा
Common completed irregular forms include करना → किया, लेना → लिया, देना → दिया. Object agreement remains: , , .
uses feminine ; uses masculine . Before , a masculine noun ending in -ा changes: .
A short postcard can have a greeting, a past event, your reaction and a plan: . Keep sentence order clear with and time words.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful form
Tap the form explained in this unit.
।
I will go tomorrow. (male)
।
Rohan danced.
।
Something fell.
।
Kamala was sleeping. (respectful)
।
Moti turned off the light.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the meaning and the Hindi pattern.
मैं कल ।
I will go tomorrow. (male)
रोहन ।
Rohan danced.
कुछ ।
Something fell.
कमला जी सो रही ।
Kamala was sleeping. (respectful)
मोती ने बत्ती बंद ।
Moti turned off the light.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
मैं कल ।
I will go tomorrow. (male)
रोहन ।
Rohan danced.
कुछ ।
Something fell.
कमला जी सो रही ।
Kamala was sleeping. (respectful)
मोती ने बत्ती बंद ।
Moti turned off the light.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I will go tomorrow. (male)
Rohan danced.
Something fell.
Kamala was sleeping. (respectful)
Moti turned off the light.
Practice 5/6 · Matching
Connect form and meaning
Match the pairs.
Practice 6/6 · Finding words
Notice learner agreement
Tap the words that change for a male or female learner. Noun ownership still follows the thing owned.
As Lukas
।
And I will look for Moti.
As Lena
।
And I will look for Moti.
As Lukas
, । , । ।
Me, the stall and Moti. Thank you, Meera. I will write to Anna.
As Lena
, । , । ।
Me, the stall and Moti. Thank you, Meera. I will write to Anna.
Unit complete
