Unit 30 · Read everyday signs · Meet

Read everyday signs

Find public signs and familiar names.

Read the examples

Tap a card and listen. Try saying it too.

Words to read

entrance

प्रवेश

entrancepraveś
exit

निकास

exitnikās
medicine

दवा

medicinedavā
toilet

शौचालय

toiletśaucālay
bank

बैंक

bankbaiṅk

कमला

Kamala, a nameKamlā

दिल्ली

DelhiDillī
At a public building
प्रवेशentrance
निकासexit
दवाmedicine
शौचालयtoilet
बैंकbank
Reading tips

Read the whole sign, then check its meaning. Names use the same script with no capital letter. कमला is the landlady’s name in the first Hindi A1 scene.

Reading practice

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read with support

Match the words to their meanings.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their meanings.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

निकास

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

शौचालय

Read and decide

Which sign lets you leave?

प्रवेश · निकास · शौचालय

Listen and find

Listen. Find the printed item.

At a public building
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Listen and find

Listen. Find the printed item.

At a public building
1>
1 / 5

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

entrance

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

exit

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

medicine

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Find public signs and familiar names.

Next unit
At a public building
प्रवेशentrance
निकासexit
दवाmedicine
शौचालयtoilet
बैंकbank
Use a Hindi keyboard

Use Devanagari InScript or the course tiles. Consonant comes first, then matra; halant joins consonants. Unicode normalisation accepts equivalent dotted spellings.

All letters

कno puff of air
i

ka. Plain k: no puff of air.

म
i

ma

ल
i

la

न
i

na

र
i

ra

अ
i

a

आ
i

ā

◌ाlong vowelIn मा
i

ā sign. The dotted circle only shows where a consonant would go.

दtongue at the teeththroat buzzes
i

da. Dental d: the tongue tip touches the upper teeth.

◌िshort vowelIn दि
i

short i sign. Written first, read second: दि is d + i.

तtongue at the teethno puff of air
i

ta. Dental t without a puff of air.

◌ीlong vowelIn ती
i

long ī sign

इ
i

i

पno puff of air
i

pa. Plain p: no puff of air.

◌ुshort vowelIn पु
i

short u sign

◌ूlong vowelIn लू
i

long ū sign

ऊ
i

ū

स
i

sa

◌ेIn के
i

e sign

◌ैIn पै
i

ai sign

ए
i

e

ऐ
i

ai

◌ोIn मो
i

o sign

◌ौIn नौ
i

au sign

ओ
i

o

औ
i

au

खpuff of air
i

kha. k with a puff of air, not English ch.

गthroat buzzes
i

ga

घbuzz + breath
i

gha. A buzzing g with a breathy release.

ई
i

ī

चno puff of air
i

ca. Like ch in “chin”, without a puff of air.

छpuff of air
i

cha

जthroat buzzes
i

ja

झbuzz + breath
i

jha

थtongue at the teethpuff of air
i

tha. Dental t with a puff of air, not English th.

धtongue at the teethbuzz + breath
i

dha. Dental d with a breathy release.

फpuff of air
i

pha. p with a puff of air; many speakers say f.

बthroat buzzes
i

ba

भbuzz + breath
i

bha

टtongue curled backno puff of air
i

ṭa. The tongue tip curls back.

ठtongue curled backpuff of air
i

ṭha. Curled tongue with a puff of air.

डtongue curled backthroat buzzes
i

ḍa. Curled tongue with a buzz.

ढtongue curled backbuzz + breath
i

ḍha. Curled tongue, buzz and breath.

य
i

ya

व
i

va / wa. Between English v and w.

ह
i

ha

उ
i

u

श
i

śa / sha

ष
i

ṣa / sha. Today usually the same sound as श; learn the spelling word by word.

णtongue curled back
i

ṇa. Curled-tongue n; many speakers say it close to न.

ऋ
i

ṛ / ri

◌ृIn कृ
i

ri sign

◌ंIn अंडा
i

nasal dot. Before a consonant the dot is a nasal that matches it: n in अंडा, ng in पतंग.

◌ँIn चाँद
i

moon-dot: nasal vowel. The vowel goes through the nose; there is no separate n.

◌्In बिल्ली
i

halant: no inherent vowel. Joined letters can show as a half shape, a stack or a new ligature.

◌ःIn दुःख
i

visarga. Learn the whole-word pronunciation.

ङ
i

ṅa. The ng sound; usually written with ं today: गंगा.

ञ
i

ña. Mostly inside joined letters; ज्ञ is said gy in Hindi.

◌़In पेड़
i

nukta: changes a consonant

ड़quick flap
i

ṛa. A quick flap: the curled tongue flicks forward once.

ढ़
i

ṛha. A breathy flap.

फ़
i

fa

ज़
i

za

क़
i

qa / ka

ख़
i

xa / kha

ग़
i

ɣa / ga

ऑ
i

ɔ

◌ॉIn डॉ
i

ɔ sign