Hear vowel length and consonant contrasts

The reading hints ā, ī and ū mark long vowels. Compare short i in din, day, with long ī in tīn, three. Hints are a temporary bridge, not English spellings.

Listen to plain क at the start of कमल and airy ख at the start of खाना. kh means k released with extra breath, not English ch. The buttons play these complete labelled words, not isolated consonants. We learn the consonant families in small groups.

t/d with no dot are dental: the tongue touches near the upper teeth. ṭ/ḍ have a curled-back tongue position. ताल is rhythm; टाल is the verb stem put off. Listen to the tongue position rather than making the dot into an extra sound.