Module 9Grammar reviewPremium

Hungarian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Ma játszom, holnap megyek

Future meaning refers to a later time. Hungarian often uses the present with a future time: . The future be form is .

Simple plans and verb prefixes

A present verb with a future time makes a simple plan: , , . is will be; a simple forecast can use .

Prefixes can indicate direction or a completed result: , . A neutral affirmative keeps the prefix before the verb; commands often put it after. is ten minutes ago and is in ten minutes.

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I will go tomorrow.
I will go tomorrow.
		I will play tonight.
I will play tonight.
		There will be wind.
There will be wind.
		I will find Cirmi.
I will find Cirmi.
		It starts in ten minutes.
It starts in ten minutes.
		I put it here ten minutes ago.
I put it here ten minutes ago.

Holnap megyek.I will go tomorrow.
Ma este játszom.I will play tonight.
Szél lesz.There will be wind.
Megkeresem Cirmit.I will find Cirmi.
Tíz perc múlva kezdődik.It starts in ten minutes.
Tíz perce tettem ide.I put it here ten minutes ago.

Láttam, láttál, látta

Past seeing and hearing

Past see indefinite: . Definite: . Compare with .

Hear indefinite: . Definite: . No extra perfect auxiliary is needed to tell a completed Hungarian event.

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — saw, indefinite object
I — saw, indefinite object
		you, familiar — saw, indefinite object
you, familiar — saw, indefinite object
·		he/she/you polite — saw, indefinite object
he/she/you polite — saw, indefinite object
		we — saw, indefinite object
we — saw, indefinite object
		you familiar plural — saw, indefinite object
you familiar plural — saw, indefinite object
·		they/you polite plural — saw, indefinite object
they/you polite plural — saw, indefinite object

Te egy árnyékot láttál.You saw a shadow.
Te az árnyékot láttad.You saw the shadow.
Ő egy árnyékot látott.He/she saw a shadow.
Ő az árnyékot látta.He/she saw the shadow.
Mi az árnyékot láttuk.We saw the shadow.
Ők az árnyékot látták.They saw the shadow.

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — saw, definite object
I — saw, definite object
		You (familiar singular) — saw, definite object
You (familiar singular) — saw, definite object
		He/she/you polite — saw, definite object
He/she/you polite — saw, definite object
		We — saw, definite object
We — saw, definite object
		You (familiar plural) — saw, definite object
You (familiar plural) — saw, definite object
		They/you polite plural — saw, definite object
They/you polite plural — saw, definite object

Mentem, jöttem, tettem

Putting a report in order

Sequence uses . Learn the complete event form (started). The report can use simple , , .

Important irregular pasts are ; ; for indefinite putting. Definite put is .

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I went home.
I went home.
		You came back.
You came back.
		He/she put the key here.
He/she put the key here.
		We put the key here.
We put the key here.
		He/she screamed.
He/she screamed.
		Something fell.
Something fell.

Én hazamentem.I went home.
Te visszajöttél.You came back.
Ő ide tette a kulcsot.He/she put the key here.
Mi ide tettük a kulcsot.We put the key here.
Ő kiabált.He/she screamed.
Valami leesett.Something fell.

Compare present you familiar plural go with past they went. The same spelling needs person and context. In the report, is 20:14; the events remain at 20:00, 20:14, 20:15, 20:16, 20:20 and 20:25.

Nem aludtam, nem találtam meg

Other people and negative events

Past questions keep person endings: Polite uses third person throughout, with no learner gender change. is a common irregular sleep past.

Negation can move a neutral prefix after the verb: , . Compare an affirmative with negative . This is word order, not a new past tense.

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Person		Meaning
		I — slept
I — slept
		you, familiar — slept
you, familiar — slept
·		he/she/you polite — slept
he/she/you polite — slept
		we — slept
we — slept
		you familiar plural — slept
you familiar plural — slept
·		they/you polite plural — slept
they/you polite plural — slept

Én aludtam.I slept.
Te aludtál.You slept.
Ő aludt.He/she slept.
Mi aludtunk.We slept.
Nem találtam meg Cirmit.I did not find Cirmi.
Nem csuktam be a szemem.I did not close my eyes.

The scene chunk means nobody saw anything. Negative words combine with a negative expression; the complete pattern is developed in module ten. Hungarian has one ordinary past here: English may use was sitting or was snoring for continuing background, without a separate Hungarian form for continuing past actions.

Kedves Anna

Writing a postcard

A card can begin or The adjective does not change for recipient gender. A neutral sign-off is .

A specified picture uses definite , while an indefinite stamp uses . A generic needs the indefinite past; a specified needs definite.

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Dear Anna!
Dear Anna!
		I buy a stamp tomorrow.
I buy a stamp tomorrow.
		I send the picture.
I send the picture.
		He/she stole a mouthpiece.
He/she stole a mouthpiece.
		He/she stole the mouthpiece.
He/she stole the mouthpiece.
		With love, {name}.
With love, {name}.

Kedves Anna!Dear Anna!
Holnap veszek egy bélyeget.I buy a stamp tomorrow.
Küldöm a képet.I send the picture.
Egy fúvókát lopott el.He/she stole a mouthpiece.
A fúvókát lopta el.He/she stole the mouthpiece.
Szeretettel, Lukas.With love, Lukas.
Szeretettel, Lena.With love, Lena.

Practice 1/4 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

.
It starts in ten minutes.
.
We saw the shadow.
.
He/she screamed.
.
I did not find Cirmi.

Practice 2/4 · The right form

Choose the form 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

Én egy macskát.
I saw a cat.
Te egy macskát.
You (familiar singular) saw a cat.
Ő egy macskát.
He/she saw a cat.
Mi egy macskát.
We saw a cat.
Ti egy macskát.
You (familiar plural) saw a cat.
Ők egy macskát.
They saw a cat.
Én a macskát.
I saw the cat.
Te a macskát.
You (familiar singular) saw the cat.
Ő a macskát.
He/she saw the cat.

Choose the form 2

Choose the right word for the gap.

Mi a macskát.
We saw the cat.
Ti a macskát.
You (familiar plural) saw the cat.
Ők a macskát.
They saw the cat.
Én éjszaka.
I slept at night.
Te éjszaka.
You (familiar singular) slept at night.
Ő éjszaka.
He/she slept at night.
Mi éjszaka.
We slept at night.
Ti éjszaka.
You (familiar plural) slept at night.
Ők éjszaka.
They slept at night.

Practice 3/4 · Fill the gaps

Recall the form 1

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Én egy macskát.
I saw a cat.
Te egy macskát.
You (familiar singular) saw a cat.
Ő egy macskát.
He/she saw a cat.
Mi egy macskát.
We saw a cat.
Ti egy macskát.
You (familiar plural) saw a cat.
Ők egy macskát.
They saw a cat.
Én a macskát.
I saw the cat.
Te a macskát.
You (familiar singular) saw the cat.
Ő a macskát.
He/she saw the cat.

Recall the form 2

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Mi a macskát.
We saw the cat.
Ti a macskát.
You (familiar plural) saw the cat.
Ők a macskát.
They saw the cat.
Én éjszaka.
I slept at night.
Te éjszaka.
You (familiar singular) slept at night.
Ő éjszaka.
He/she slept at night.
Mi éjszaka.
We slept at night.
Ti éjszaka.
You (familiar plural) slept at night.
Ők éjszaka.
They slept at night.

Practice 4/4 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

It starts in ten minutes.
You say:
It starts in ten minutes.
You say:
We saw the shadow.
You say:
We saw the shadow.
You say:
He/she screamed.
You say:
He/she screamed.
You say:
I did not find Cirmi.
You say:
I did not find Cirmi.
You say:

Unit complete

Hungarian in everyday situations

6exercises

Keep practising

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