Module 5Grammar reviewPremium
Hungarian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Fél hat, háromnegyed kilenc
Clock time and work hours
Hungarian fractions refer to the coming hour: is 5:30, is 8:15, is 8:45. is five to nine. These are not literal English half past expressions.
At a clock time uses invariant -kor: , . A work span can be : from nine until half past five. Digital times can name hour and minute separately.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Half past five: five thirty. | ||
| Half past five: five thirty. | ||
| Quarter to nine: eight forty-five. | ||
| Quarter to nine: eight forty-five. | ||
| Quarter past eight: eight fifteen. | ||
| Quarter past eight: eight fifteen. | ||
| We start at nine o’clock. | ||
| We start at nine o’clock. | ||
| We work from nine to half past five. | ||
| We work from nine to half past five. | ||
| Five minutes to nine. | ||
| Five minutes to nine. | ||
Fél hat: öt óra harminc.Half past five: five thirty.
Háromnegyed kilenc: nyolc óra negyvenöt.Quarter to nine: eight forty-five.
Negyed kilenc: nyolc óra tizenöt.Quarter past eight: eight fifteen.
Kilenc órakor kezdünk.We start at nine o’clock.
Kilenctől fél hatig dolgozunk.We work from nine to half past five.
Öt perc múlva kilenc.Five minutes to nine.
Hétfőn, kedden, mindig
Days and frequency
Weekdays are . Day expressions are , but without a suffix. At the weekend is .
Frequency words are . Use for never: . An adverb describes how/when an action occurs. means since Wednesday.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| The meeting is on Thursday. | ||
| The meeting is on Thursday. | ||
| I work on Monday. | ||
| I work on Monday. | ||
| I am free on Sunday. | ||
| I am free on Sunday. | ||
| I am never late. | ||
| I am never late. | ||
| Sometimes I eat cake. | ||
| Sometimes I eat cake. | ||
| Cirmi has come since Wednesday. | ||
| Cirmi has come since Wednesday. | ||
A megbeszélés csütörtökön van.The meeting is on Thursday.
Hétfőn dolgozom.I work on Monday.
Vasárnap szabad vagyok.I am free on Sunday.
Soha nem kések.I am never late.
Néha süteményt eszem.Sometimes I eat cake.
Szerda óta jön Cirmi.Cirmi has come since Wednesday.
With , Hungarian uses the present for something continuing or recurring now: means he has come every day since Wednesday. means twice a day.
Eszem, iszom, alszom
Common irregular routines
Important infinitive/present pairs are , , , . Eat: . Drink: . Sleep: .
These frequent -ik verbs use first-person -m in the standard indefinite form too. A definite object still changes the verb: and coincide in first person, but versus . After or a modal use an infinitive: , .
For washing, learn . For getting up, means I get up and means you get up in the question. These common stems need to be learned with their endings.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — drink, indefinite object | ||
| I — drink, indefinite object | ||
| you, familiar — drink, indefinite object | ||
| you, familiar — drink, indefinite object | ||
| · | he/she/you polite — drink, indefinite object | |
| he/she/you polite — drink, indefinite object | ||
| we — drink, indefinite object | ||
| we — drink, indefinite object | ||
| you familiar plural — drink, indefinite object | ||
| you familiar plural — drink, indefinite object | ||
| · | they/you polite plural — drink, indefinite object | |
| they/you polite plural — drink, indefinite object | ||
Én teát iszom.I drink tea.
Te teát iszol.You drink tea.
Ő teát iszik.He/she drinks tea.
Mi teát iszunk.We drink tea.
Ti teát isztok.You drink tea, familiar plural.
Ők teát isznak.They drink tea.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — eat, indefinite object | ||
| I — eat, indefinite object | ||
| You (familiar singular) — eat, indefinite object | ||
| You (familiar singular) — eat, indefinite object | ||
| He/she/you polite — eat, indefinite object | ||
| He/she/you polite — eat, indefinite object | ||
| We — eat, indefinite object | ||
| We — eat, indefinite object | ||
| You (familiar plural) — eat, indefinite object | ||
| You (familiar plural) — eat, indefinite object | ||
| They/you polite plural — eat, indefinite object | ||
| They/you polite plural — eat, indefinite object | ||
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — sleep | ||
| I — sleep | ||
| You (familiar singular) — sleep | ||
| You (familiar singular) — sleep | ||
| He/she/you polite — sleep | ||
| He/she/you polite — sleep | ||
| We — sleep | ||
| We — sleep | ||
| You (familiar plural) — sleep | ||
| You (familiar plural) — sleep | ||
| They/you polite plural — sleep | ||
| They/you polite plural — sleep | ||
Az asztal alatt, mögöttem
Learn as give it here, familiar. means give. Familiar negative commands use : , do not give it there.
Postpositions and instructions
A postposition comes after its noun: , , , . A possessed noun keeps its suffix: .
Pronoun-like personal forms are . and are polite instruction chunks. Putting with a definite object has irregular ; contrast indefinite .
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — put, definite object | ||
| I — put, definite object | ||
| you, familiar — put, definite object | ||
| you, familiar — put, definite object | ||
| · | he/she/you polite — put, definite object | |
| he/she/you polite — put, definite object | ||
| we — put, definite object | ||
| we — put, definite object | ||
| you familiar plural — put, definite object | ||
| you familiar plural — put, definite object | ||
| · | they/you polite plural — put, definite object | |
| they/you polite plural — put, definite object | ||
Cirmi az asztal alatt van.Cirmi is under the table.
Cirmi a nyomtató előtt van.Cirmi is in front of the printer.
Cirmi a számítógép mögött van.Cirmi is behind the computer.
Cirmi mögöttem van.Cirmi is behind me.
Én teszem ide a kulcsot.I put the key here.
Mi tesszük ide a kulcsot.We put the key here.
Gyere, jöjjön; ne
The familiar command means put it here. is bring: means I brought, a useful past chunk before the full past lesson.
Requests and rules
Common familiar/polite instructions are , , . Polite takes third-person command forms; takes . Commands commonly use a -j form, with stem changes learned in frequent verbs.
Negative commands use : , . A definite object changes the command: familiar, polite; without a specified object . is a familiar plural instruction to read the rules.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Lili, come here. | ||
| Lili, come here. | ||
| Ilona, come here, politely. | ||
| Ilona, come here, politely. | ||
| You all, come here, politely. | ||
| You all, come here, politely. | ||
| Lili, put the key here. | ||
| Lili, put the key here. | ||
| Ilona, put the key here, politely. | ||
| Ilona, put the key here, politely. | ||
| Lili, do not leave. | ||
| Lili, do not leave. | ||
Lili, gyere ide.Lili, come here.
Ilona néni, jöjjön ide.Ilona, come here, politely.
Önök, jöjjenek ide.You all, come here, politely.
Lili, tedd ide a kulcsot.Lili, put the key here.
Ilona néni, tegye ide a kulcsot.Ilona, put the key here, politely.
Lili, ne menj el.Lili, do not leave.
A rule can use : may not sit. means no cat is allowed on the printer. Learn these rule expressions as chunks here; permission is developed in module seven. In the story, mean eat, sleep, sit. tells someone not to be late; the note means I must not be late. means I was late, and means sat: supported story chunks before the general past lesson.
Practice 1/2 · The right form
Choose the form 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Én teát.
I drink tea.
Te teát.
You (familiar singular) drink tea.
Ő teát.
He/she drinks tea.
Mi teát.
We drink tea.
Ti teát.
You (familiar plural) drink tea.
Ők teát.
They drink tea.
Én kenyeret.
I eat bread.
Te kenyeret.
You (familiar singular) eat bread.
Choose the form 2
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ő kenyeret.
He/she eats bread.
Mi kenyeret.
We eat bread.
Ti kenyeret.
You (familiar plural) eat bread.
Ők kenyeret.
They eat bread.
Én éjszaka.
I sleep at night.
Te éjszaka.
You (familiar singular) sleep at night.
Ő éjszaka.
He/she sleeps at night.
Mi éjszaka.
We sleep at night.
Choose the form 3
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ti éjszaka.
You (familiar plural) sleep at night.
Ők éjszaka.
They sleep at night.
Én ide a kulcsot.
I put the key here.
Te ide a kulcsot.
You (familiar singular) put the key here.
Ő ide a kulcsot.
He/she puts the key here.
Mi ide a kulcsot.
We put the key here.
Ti ide a kulcsot.
You (familiar plural) put the key here.
Ők ide a kulcsot.
They put the key here.
Practice 2/2 · Fill the gaps
Recall the form 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Én teát.
I drink tea.
Te teát.
You (familiar singular) drink tea.
Ő teát.
He/she drinks tea.
Mi teát.
We drink tea.
Ti teát.
You (familiar plural) drink tea.
Ők teát.
They drink tea.
Én kenyeret.
I eat bread.
Te kenyeret.
You (familiar singular) eat bread.
Recall the form 2
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ő kenyeret.
He/she eats bread.
Mi kenyeret.
We eat bread.
Ti kenyeret.
You (familiar plural) eat bread.
Ők kenyeret.
They eat bread.
Én éjszaka.
I sleep at night.
Te éjszaka.
You (familiar singular) sleep at night.
Ő éjszaka.
He/she sleeps at night.
Mi éjszaka.
We sleep at night.
Recall the form 3
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ti éjszaka.
You (familiar plural) sleep at night.
Ők éjszaka.
They sleep at night.
Én ide a kulcsot.
I put the key here.
Te ide a kulcsot.
You (familiar singular) put the key here.
Ő ide a kulcsot.
He/she puts the key here.
Mi ide a kulcsot.
We put the key here.
Ti ide a kulcsot.
You (familiar plural) put the key here.
Ők ide a kulcsot.
They put the key here.
Unit complete
