Module 2Grammar reviewPremium
Hungarian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Németül, magyarul
An adverb gives information such as how or when. The language adverbs say in Hungarian, German and English. Learn as the familiar version of the origin question.
Origin, languages and asking to repeat
Learn origin phrases , and . Hungarian place names have conventional case choices; not every English from is one Hungarian suffix. Early and are useful whole questions.
Language adverbs include . is speak; . An infinitive normally ends in -ni. Polite uses third person. and repair a conversation.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — speak | ||
| I — speak | ||
| you, familiar — speak | ||
| you, familiar — speak | ||
| · | he/she/you polite — speak | |
| he/she/you polite — speak | ||
| we — speak | ||
| we — speak | ||
| you familiar plural — speak | ||
| you familiar plural — speak | ||
| · | they/you polite plural — speak | |
| they/you polite plural — speak | ||
Én beszélek magyarul.I speak Hungarian.
Te beszélsz németül.You speak German.
Ő beszél angolul.He/she speaks English.
Mi beszélünk magyarul.We speak Hungarian.
Ti beszéltek magyarul.You speak Hungarian, familiar plural.
Ők beszélnek magyarul.They speak Hungarian.
Házak, székek, kulcsok
An imperative gives an instruction. For now learn familiar and polite as come, and as look at it. The fuller command patterns come in module 5.
Vowel harmony and noun plurals
Back vowels usually select back endings. Front vowels usually select front endings. In words with both kinds, may be neutral; learn the ending of the word rather than guessing.
Plural adds -k, often with a linking vowel: , , . A final often lengthens before a suffix: , . Singular means one; plural more than one. After a number keep the noun singular: . The scene also uses for is not there either in singular/plural.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| The houses are here. | ||
| The houses are here. | ||
| The chairs are here. | ||
| The chairs are here. | ||
| The keys are here. | ||
| The keys are here. | ||
| The lamps are here. | ||
| The lamps are here. | ||
| There are two chairs. | ||
| There are two chairs. | ||
| There are no chairs. | ||
| There are no chairs. | ||
A házak itt vannak.The houses are here.
A székek itt vannak.The chairs are here.
A kulcsok itt vannak.The keys are here.
A lámpák itt vannak.The lamps are here.
Két szék van.There are two chairs.
Nincsenek székek.There are no chairs.
Sárga székek, a székek sárgák
Adjectives and accusative objects
An adjective describes a noun. Before a noun it stays unchanged: , . As a plural predicate it agrees: , . No third-person present be belongs in these identity/description statements.
Accusative -t marks an object: , , , . Linking vowels vary; a final lengthens: . Learn the object form with each noun rather than guessing one linking vowel.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| The chairs are yellow. | ||
| The chairs are yellow. | ||
| The yellow chairs are here. | ||
| The yellow chairs are here. | ||
| The rooms are big. | ||
| The rooms are big. | ||
| I would like a lamp. | ||
| I would like a lamp. | ||
| I would like a key. | ||
| I would like a key. | ||
| I would like a chair. | ||
| I would like a chair. | ||
A székek sárgák.The chairs are yellow.
A sárga székek itt vannak.The yellow chairs are here.
A szobák nagyok.The rooms are big.
Egy lámpát kérek.I would like a lamp.
Egy kulcsot kérek.I would like a key.
Egy széket kérek.I would like a chair.
Nézek, nézel, néz
The indefinite present
The indefinite conjugation is used when there is no object or an indefinite object: . A common pattern is -ok/-ek/-ök, -sz, ∅, -unk/-ünk, -tok/-tek/-tök, -nak/-nek. After stems ending in a sibilant, familiar singular often uses -ol/-el/-öl: , . Here ∅ means no personal ending.
With : . Polite . The form of a verb depends on its subject and, in Hungarian, also on the object’s definiteness. is a denial chunk; the past of be is taught in module 4.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — look, indefinite object | ||
| I — look, indefinite object | ||
| you, familiar — look, indefinite object | ||
| you, familiar — look, indefinite object | ||
| · | he/she/you polite — look, indefinite object | |
| he/she/you polite — look, indefinite object | ||
| we — look, indefinite object | ||
| we — look, indefinite object | ||
| you familiar plural — look, indefinite object | ||
| you familiar plural — look, indefinite object | ||
| · | they/you polite plural — look, indefinite object | |
| they/you polite plural — look, indefinite object | ||
Én egy könyvet nézek.I look at a book.
Te egy könyvet nézel.You look at a book.
Ő egy könyvet néz.He/she looks at a book.
Mi egy könyvet nézünk.We look at a book.
Ti egy könyvet néztek.You look at a book, familiar plural.
Ők egy könyvet néznek.They look at a book.
Nézem, nézed, nézi
Back-vowel verbs have different definite endings from : . Compare and : both have a specified object.
The definite present
A specified object introduced by , a possessed object or a personal name normally requires the definite conjugation: , . has . Compare indefinite with definite .
For with a back-vowel pattern: . The stem-final combines with to give in these forms. and normally take the indefinite conjugation; normally takes the definite. First- and second-person object pronouns follow separate rules; do not extend this definite pattern to every pronoun.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — look, definite object | ||
| I — look, definite object | ||
| you, familiar — look, definite object | ||
| you, familiar — look, definite object | ||
| · | he/she/you polite — look, definite object | |
| he/she/you polite — look, definite object | ||
| we — look, definite object | ||
| we — look, definite object | ||
| you familiar plural — look, definite object | ||
| you familiar plural — look, definite object | ||
| · | they/you polite plural — look, definite object | |
| they/you polite plural — look, definite object | ||
Én a könyvet nézem.I look at the book.
Te a könyvet nézed.You look at the book.
Ő a könyvet nézi.He/she looks at the book.
Mi a könyvet nézzük.We look at the book.
Ti a könyvet nézitek.You look at the book, familiar plural.
Ők a könyvet nézik.They look at the book.
| Person | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I — read, definite object | ||
| I — read, definite object | ||
| You (familiar singular) — read, definite object | ||
| You (familiar singular) — read, definite object | ||
| He/she — read, definite object | ||
| He/she — read, definite object | ||
| We — read, definite object | ||
| We — read, definite object | ||
| You (familiar plural) — read, definite object | ||
| You (familiar plural) — read, definite object | ||
| They — read, definite object | ||
| They — read, definite object | ||
Practice 1/2 · The right form
Choose the form 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
Én magyarul.
I speak Hungarian.
Te magyarul.
You (familiar singular) speak Hungarian.
Ő magyarul.
He/she speaks Hungarian.
Mi magyarul.
We speak Hungarian.
Ti magyarul.
You (familiar plural) speak Hungarian.
Ők magyarul.
They speak Hungarian.
Én egy könyvet.
I look at a book.
Te egy könyvet.
You (familiar singular) look at a book.
Choose the form 2
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ő egy könyvet.
He/she looks at a book.
Mi egy könyvet.
We look at a book.
Ti egy könyvet.
You (familiar plural) look at a book.
Ők egy könyvet.
They look at a book.
Én a könyvet.
I look at the book.
Te a könyvet.
You (familiar singular) look at the book.
Ő a könyvet.
He/she looks at the book.
Mi a könyvet.
We look at the book.
Choose the form 3
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ti a könyvet.
You (familiar plural) look at the book.
Ők a könyvet.
They look at the book.
Én a könyvet.
I read the book.
Te a könyvet.
You (familiar singular) read the book.
Ő a könyvet.
He/she reads the book.
Mi a könyvet.
We read the book.
Ti a könyvet.
You (familiar plural) read the book.
Ők a könyvet.
They read the book.
Practice 2/2 · Fill the gaps
Recall the form 1
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Én magyarul.
I speak Hungarian.
Te magyarul.
You (familiar singular) speak Hungarian.
Ő magyarul.
He/she speaks Hungarian.
Mi magyarul.
We speak Hungarian.
Ti magyarul.
You (familiar plural) speak Hungarian.
Ők magyarul.
They speak Hungarian.
Én egy könyvet.
I look at a book.
Te egy könyvet.
You (familiar singular) look at a book.
Recall the form 2
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ő egy könyvet.
He/she looks at a book.
Mi egy könyvet.
We look at a book.
Ti egy könyvet.
You (familiar plural) look at a book.
Ők egy könyvet.
They look at a book.
Én a könyvet.
I look at the book.
Te a könyvet.
You (familiar singular) look at the book.
Ő a könyvet.
He/she looks at the book.
Mi a könyvet.
We look at the book.
Recall the form 3
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ti a könyvet.
You (familiar plural) look at the book.
Ők a könyvet.
They look at the book.
Én a könyvet.
I read the book.
Te a könyvet.
You (familiar singular) read the book.
Ő a könyvet.
He/she reads the book.
Mi a könyvet.
We read the book.
Ti a könyvet.
You (familiar plural) read the book.
Ők a könyvet.
They read the book.
Unit complete
