Module 7Grammar reviewPremium
Indonesian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Hujan, harus, tidak perlu
Say , , , or for the weather. A sentence like needs no it is or verb agreement.
means must. means do not need to. They precede an action: . and both mean bring/carry, learned whole.
Use for if/when: . Weather changes do not require future conjugation; says it will be sunny tomorrow.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is raining today. | ||
| It is raining today. | ||
| It is hot today. | ||
| It is hot today. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
Lebih, daripada, sama
Use before an adjective and before the comparison: . means less. The adjective stays unchanged.
expresses equality: . means better; it is not a special person/gender form.
Indonesia has and . Learn for places such as Hamburg. Snow and minus temperatures belong to that comparison; the local forecast is 25–30 degrees.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Hamburg is colder than here. | ||
| Hamburg is colder than here. | ||
| This bag is bigger than that bag. | ||
| This bag is bigger than that bag. | ||
| This bag is as big as that bag. | ||
| This bag is as big as that bag. | ||
A comparative compares two things: .
Terlalu, paling, juta
means too: , . marks the highest degree: . means very without a comparison.
Ask for trying on. selects a bigger one. Clothing sizes M and L are letters; staff can use them as fixed labels.
means million: is Rp1.400.000. Continue hundreds and thousands. Keep the number words unchanging.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| This jacket is too small. | ||
| This jacket is too small. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| Is there a bigger one? | ||
| Is there a bigger one? | ||
A superlative chooses the greatest degree in a group: .
Bisa, boleh, harus
says can/know how: . says may/be allowed: . says must. The following verb never acquires a person or tense ending.
Use for inability, for a rule or prohibition. gives a direct prohibition. A negative obligation, , means not required, not forbidden.
A task can be assigned with a name and noun: . means look after Miko, not just look at him. Prefix verbs are practised as whole words.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I cannot sing. | ||
| I cannot sing. | ||
| You may play in the daytime. | ||
| You may play in the daytime. | ||
Karena, kalau, simpan
gives a reason: . gives a condition or everyday when: . Use ordinary unchanged verbs in both clauses.
means keep/store. or means put on/wear. The short form is natural in an everyday instruction; can soften it.
also compares ages or suitability: . means do not need; tells someone not to act.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am wet because of the rain. | ||
| I am wet because of the rain. | ||
| If it rains, put on a raincoat. | ||
| If it rains, put on a raincoat. | ||
| Put on this raincoat. | ||
| Put on this raincoat. | ||
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
It is raining today.
.
Hamburg is colder than here.
.
This jacket is too small.
.
I know how to cook.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Hari ini .
It is raining today.
Hamburg dingin daripada di sini.
Hamburg is colder than here.
Jaket ini kecil.
This jacket is too small.
Saya memasak.
I know how to cook.
Saya basah hujan.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Jaket ini kecil.
This jacket is too small.
Saya memasak.
I know how to cook.
Saya basah hujan.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
It is raining today.
Hamburg is colder than here.
This jacket is too small.
I know how to cook.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
It is raining today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
It is raining today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Hamburg is colder than here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Hamburg is colder than here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
This jacket is too small.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
This jacket is too small.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I know how to cook.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I know how to cook.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
