Module 7Grammar reviewPremium
Indonesian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Hujan, harus, tidak perlu
Say , , , or for the weather. A sentence like needs no it is or verb agreement.
means must. means do not need to. They precede an action: . and both mean bring/carry, learned whole.
Use for if/when: . Weather changes do not require future conjugation; says it will be sunny tomorrow.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is raining today. | ||
| It is raining today. | ||
| It is hot today. | ||
| It is hot today. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
| I must take an umbrella. | ||
Lebih, daripada, sama
Use before an adjective and before the comparison: . means less. The adjective stays unchanged.
expresses equality: . means better; it is not a special person/gender form.
Indonesia has and . Learn for places such as Hamburg. Snow and minus temperatures belong to that comparison; the local forecast is 25–30 degrees.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Hamburg is colder than here. | ||
| Hamburg is colder than here. | ||
| This bag is bigger than that bag. | ||
| This bag is bigger than that bag. | ||
| This bag is as big as that bag. | ||
| This bag is as big as that bag. | ||
A comparative compares two things: .
Terlalu, paling, juta
means too: , . marks the highest degree: . means very without a comparison.
Ask for trying on. selects a bigger one. Clothing sizes M and L are letters; staff can use them as fixed labels.
means million: is Rp1.400.000. Continue hundreds and thousands. Keep the number words unchanging.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| This jacket is too small. | ||
| This jacket is too small. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| This is the warmest jacket. | ||
| Is there a bigger one? | ||
| Is there a bigger one? | ||
A superlative chooses the greatest degree in a group: .
Bisa, boleh, harus
says can/know how: . says may/be allowed: . says must. The following verb never acquires a person or tense ending.
Use for inability, for a rule or prohibition. gives a direct prohibition. A negative obligation, , means not required, not forbidden.
A task can be assigned with a name and noun: . means look after Miko, not just look at him. Prefix verbs are practised as whole words.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I know how to cook. | ||
| I cannot sing. | ||
| I cannot sing. | ||
| You may play in the daytime. | ||
| You may play in the daytime. | ||
Karena, kalau, simpan
gives a reason: . gives a condition or everyday when: . Use ordinary unchanged verbs in both clauses.
means keep/store. or means put on/wear. The short form is natural in an everyday instruction; can soften it.
also compares ages or suitability: . means do not need; tells someone not to act.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am wet because of the rain. | ||
| I am wet because of the rain. | ||
| If it rains, put on a raincoat. | ||
| If it rains, put on a raincoat. | ||
| Put on this raincoat. | ||
| Put on this raincoat. | ||
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
It is raining today.
.
Hamburg is colder than here.
.
This jacket is too small.
.
I know how to cook.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Hari ini .
It is raining today.
Hamburg dingin daripada di sini.
Hamburg is colder than here.
Jaket ini kecil.
This jacket is too small.
Saya memasak.
I know how to cook.
Saya basah hujan.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Jaket ini kecil.
This jacket is too small.
Jaket ini kecil.
This jacket is too small.
Saya memasak.
I know how to cook.
Saya memasak.
I know how to cook.
Saya basah hujan.
I am wet because of the rain.
Saya basah hujan.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
It is raining today.
Hamburg is colder than here.
This jacket is too small.
I know how to cook.
I am wet because of the rain.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
It is raining today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
It is raining today.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Hamburg is colder than here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Hamburg is colder than here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
This jacket is too small.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
This jacket is too small.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I know how to cook.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I know how to cook.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
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