Module 10Grammar reviewPremium
Indonesian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Pesan kamar, termasuk, akan
means book a room; is a single room and a double. states the duration.
asks whether breakfast is included. states a time range. joins common units such as one night, but plain is easy and natural.
Future plans use , or a future time phrase. expresses wanting/intending, not an inflected future tense. introduces a possible plan.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I want to book a room. | ||
| I want to book a room. | ||
| A room for one person. | ||
| A room for one person. | ||
| For one night. | ||
| For one night. | ||
Pernah, sejak, pengalaman
means have ever/previously done something: . means have never done it yet. These markers describe experience without conjugating a verb.
For an ongoing state, use with its beginning or with its length. A completed duration can use . means experience.
Give background in short sentences: A flat advert uses and . Million prices combine , , .
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I have worked in Hamburg before. | ||
| I have worked in Hamburg before. | ||
| I have never worked in Jakarta yet. | ||
| I have never worked in Jakarta yet. | ||
| I have worked here since March. | ||
| I have worked here since March. | ||
Mengundang, maaf, lain kali
Say to invite. A simple suggests eating together. Use when the group includes the listener.
Accept with Decline gently: . Add a reason with or suggest , another time.
means nobody can come. says everyone is busy. Do not replace a clear noun negation with or a did-not denial with .
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I invite you all to dinner. | ||
| I invite you all to dinner. | ||
| Sorry, I cannot. | ||
| Sorry, I cannot. | ||
| Maybe another time? | ||
| Maybe another time? | ||
Milik siapa, dulu, barangnya
Ownership can use the possessor after the noun: . emphasizes who owns it. Ask or .
-nya can mean his/her/their/its, or the known thing. Make the owner clear from the story: , then . It does not change for gender.
, , and locate events. The verb keeps its form. uses to link a simple description to a thing.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Whose key is this? | ||
| Whose key is this? | ||
| This is Dimas's pen. | ||
| This is Dimas's pen. | ||
| This is my suitcase. | ||
| This is my suitcase. | ||
Tetap di sini, karena, kalau
Announce a decision with or . Give a reason with . links a contrast in everyday conversation.
Past actions use a past time phrase, future plans a future phrase: No gender, person or tense endings are needed.
welcomes someone. thanks the group. sets a condition, with the same verb form. Recycle accurately when planning together.
| Pattern | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am staying here. | ||
| I am staying here. | ||
| I stay because everyone knows my name. | ||
| I stay because everyone knows my name. | ||
| Yesterday I phoned. | ||
| Yesterday I phoned. | ||
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
I want to book a room.
.
I have worked in Hamburg before.
.
I invite you all to dinner.
?
Whose key is this?
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Saya mau kamar.
I want to book a room.
Saya bekerja di Hamburg.
I have worked in Hamburg before.
Saya kalian makan malam.
I invite you all to dinner.
Kunci ini milik ?
Whose key is this?
Saya di sini.
I am staying here.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Saya kalian makan malam.
I invite you all to dinner.
Kunci ini milik ?
Whose key is this?
Saya di sini.
I am staying here.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I want to book a room.
I have worked in Hamburg before.
I invite you all to dinner.
Whose key is this?
I am staying here.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
I want to book a room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I want to book a room.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked in Hamburg before.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I have worked in Hamburg before.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I invite you all to dinner.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
I invite you all to dinner.
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Whose key is this?
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Whose key is this?
You say:
Use the meaning and Indonesian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete