Module 5Grammar reviewPremium

Italian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

L'ora

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Form	Example	Meaning
		It is one o'clock.
It is one o'clock.
		It is two o'clock.
It is two o'clock.
		It is half past five.
It is half past five.
		It is a quarter to nine.
It is a quarter to nine.
		at half past six
at half past six

Use singular for one o’clock and plural , for the other hours. Ask or .

Add for half past: . Use for a quarter to: .

To say at a time, use but for the other hours: , , . Clock times in timetables can use the 24-hour system.

Compare a statement of the time with an activity time: means it is seven; means I get up at seven.

I giorni e la frequenza

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Form	Example	Meaning
		On Monday I work.
On Monday I work.
		On Mondays I eat soup.
On Mondays I eat soup.
		He always has lunch at half past twelve.
He always has lunch at half past twelve.
		He never drinks tea.
He never drinks tea.
		Sometimes I eat cake.
Sometimes I eat cake.

A weekday without an article often refers to a specific day: . The article can mark a weekly habit: means I work on Mondays.

Common frequency expressions are , , and . They describe how often something happens.

To say never, normally use before the verb and after it: . Keep this short negative pattern together.

Compare , a meeting this Thursday, with , a meeting every Thursday.

I verbi riflessivi

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I get up at six.
I get up at six.
		Do you get up early?
Do you get up early?
		He/She gets up at seven. / You get up at seven. (formal)
He/She gets up at seven. / You get up at seven. (formal)
		My name is Lukas.
My name is Lukas.
		Her name is Sofia.
Her name is Sofia.

Reflexive verbs use a pronoun connected to the subject. Many describe routines: , , .

The pronouns are : . Polite takes and the third-person singular verb.

You already know : , . In a simple present sentence, the reflexive pronoun goes before the verb.

Describe a routine with short sentences: .

In, su, a e gli oggetti

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Form	Example	Meaning
		in, inside
in, inside
		on
on
		at, to
at, to
		in the
in the
		on the
on the
		at the
at the
		him/it
him/it
		her/it/you (polite, either sex)
her/it/you (polite, either sex)

Use place prepositions in common expressions: , , . Learn the whole expression when English uses a different preposition.

A preposition can join a definite article: with becomes , with becomes , and with becomes . Examples are , , .

The direct object pronouns replace a noun: . They normally go before the present verb. Detailed practice returns with medicine and shopping later.

Polite object can mean you for a man or woman: . Learn the polite instruction as a useful chunk: put it in the bag.

Gli imperativi utili

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Form	Example	Meaning
		Come here! (tu)
Come here! (tu)
		Look! (polite)
Look! (polite)
		Put the cat in the bag! (polite)
Put the cat in the bag! (polite)
		Write a message, please. (polite)
Write a message, please. (polite)
		Read the rules. (voi)
Read the rules. (voi)

The imperative gives an instruction or request. Familiar forms include , , . With polite , learn everyday chunks such as , , and .

Common familiar regular commands include , , . Polite forms such as , , are useful fixed requests here; the full subjunctive system is outside this beginner course.

Use for several people: , . These forms help you write a notice for a group.

Keep practical instructions short: . A familiar negative command uses with the infinitive:

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Notice the useful pattern

Tap the form practised in this unit.

As Lukas
, .
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
As Lena
, .
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
As Lukas
, .
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lena
, .
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lukas
.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lena
.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lukas
. .
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lena
. .
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the form

Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.

As Lukas
Alle , il nuovo collega è già in ufficio.
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
As Lena
Alle , la nuova collega è già in ufficio.
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
As Lukas
Il venerdì, Lukas non è in ritardo.
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lena
Il venerdì, Lena non è in ritardo.
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lukas
Lukas Becker e mi alzo presto.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lena
Lena Becker e mi alzo presto.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lukas
Conosco il nuovo collega. vedo al bar.
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lena
Conosco la nuova collega. vedo al bar.
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lukas
Signor Becker, qui, per favore. Questo è il Suo posto.
Mr/Ms Becker, come here, please. This is your place.
As Lena
Signora Becker, qui, per favore. Questo è il Suo posto.
Mr/Ms Becker, come here, please. This is your place.
Adesso sono le .
Now it's five to nine.
è blu.
Monday is blue.
Io alle sei e mezza.
I get up at half past six.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete the messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

As Lukas
Lukas Becker e mi alzo presto.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lena
Lena Becker e mi alzo presto.
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lukas
Conosco il nuovo collega. vedo al bar.
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lena
Conosco la nuova collega. vedo al bar.
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lukas
Signor Becker, qui, per favore. Questo è il Suo posto.
Mr/Ms Becker, come here, please. This is your place.
As Lena
Signora Becker, qui, per favore. Questo è il Suo posto.
Mr/Ms Becker, come here, please. This is your place.
Adesso sono le .
Now it's five to nine.
è blu.
Monday is blue.
Io alle sei e mezza.
I get up at half past six.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Build a sentence

Put the words in order.

As Lukas
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lena
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
As Lukas
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lena
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
As Lukas
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
As Lena
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
Now it's five to nine.
Monday is blue.
I get up at half past six.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

What would you say?

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
You say:
As Lena
At a quarter to nine, the new colleague is already in the office.
You say:
As Lukas
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
You say:
As Lena
On Fridays, Lukas/Lena is never late.
You say:
As Lukas
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
You say:
As Lena
My name is Lukas/Lena Becker and I get up early.
You say:
As Lukas
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
You say:
As Lena
I know the new colleague. I see him/her at the café.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Matching

Connect messages and meanings

Match the pairs.

Unit complete

Italian in everyday situations

6exercises

Keep practising

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